Referencias

Artículos principales

Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S, et al. 2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan;79(1):19-30.Texto completo  Resumen

Mackie SL, Dejaco C, Appenzeller S, et al. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Mar 1;59(3):e1-e23.Texto completo  Resumen

Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 May;77(5):636-43.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

1. Smetana GW, Shmerling RH. Does this patient have temporal arteritis? JAMA. 2002 Jan 2;287(1):92-101. Resumen

2. Salvarani C, Cantini F, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. Lancet. 2008 Jul 19;372(9634):234-45. Resumen

3. Bongartz T, Matteson EL. Large-vessel involvement in giant cell arteritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006 Jan;18(1):10-7. Resumen

4. Kermani TA, Matteson EL, Hunder GG, et al. Symptomatic lower extremity vasculitis in giant cell arteritis: a case series. J Rheumatol. 2009 Oct;36(10):2277-83. Resumen

5. Salvarani C, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, et al. Reappraisal of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over a fifty-year period. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Apr 15;51(2):264-8. Resumen

6. Smeeth L, Cook C, Hall AJ. Incidence of diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in the United Kingdom, 1990-2001. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Aug;65(8):1093-8. Resumen

7. Ness T, Bley TA, Schmidt WA, et al. The diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013 May;110(21):376-85; quiz 386.Texto completo  Resumen

8. Lazarewicz K, Watson P. Giant cell arteritis. BMJ. 2019 May 30;365:l1964. Resumen

9. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Rivas MJ, et al. Epidemiology of biopsy proven giant cell arteritis in northwestern Spain: trend over an 18 year period. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001 Apr;60(4):367-71.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Pucelj NP, Hočevar A, Ješe R, et al. The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Slovenia. Clin Rheumatol. 2019 Feb;38(2):285-290.Texto completo  Resumen

11. Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Zizzi F, et al. Epidemiologic and immunogenetic aspects of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis in northern Italy. Arthritis Rheum. 1991 Mar;34(3):351-6. Resumen

12. Weyand CM, Hicok KC, Hunder GG, et al. The HLA-DRB1 locus as a genetic component in giant cell arteritis. Mapping of a disease-linked sequence motif to the antigen binding site of the HLA-DR molecule. J Clin Invest. 1992 Dec;90(6):2355-61.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Salvarani C, Cantini F, Boiardi L, et al. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):261-71. Resumen

14. Weyand CM, Ma-Krupa W, Pryshchep O, et al. Vascular dendritic cells in giant cell arteritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Dec;1062:195-208. Resumen

15. Weyand CM, Schonberger J, Oppitz U, et al. Distinct vascular lesions in giant cell arteritis share identical T-cell clonotypes. J Exp Med. 1994 Mar 1;179(3):951-60.Texto completo  Resumen

16. Weyand CM, Ma-Krupa W, Goronzy JJ. Immunopathways in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Autoimmun Rev. 2004 Jan;3(1):46-53. Resumen

17. Weyand CM, Hicok KC, Hunder GG, et al. Tissue cytokine patterns in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Oct 1;121(7):484-91. Resumen

18. Granato JE, Abben RP, May WS. Familial association of giant cell arteritis. A case report and brief review. Arch Intern Med. 1981 Jan;141(1):115-7. Resumen

19. Larsson K, Mellstrom D, Nordborg E, et al. Early menopause, low body mass index, and smoking are independent risk factors for developing giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Apr;65(4):529-32. Resumen

20. Duhaut P, Pinede L, Demolombe-Rague S, et al. Giant cell arteritis and cardiovascular risk factors: a multicenter, prospective case-control study. Groupe de Recherche sur l'Arterite a Cellules Geantes. Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Nov;41(11):1960-5. Resumen

21. Brennan DN, Ungprasert P, Warrington KJ, et al. Smoking as a risk factor for giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018 Dec;48(3):529-37. Resumen

22. Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, et al. The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota: apparent fluctuations in a cyclic pattern. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Aug 1;123(3):192-4. Resumen

23. Petursdottir V, Johansson H, Nordborg E, et al. The epidemiology of biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis: special reference to cyclic fluctuations. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999 Dec;38(12):1208-12.Texto completo  Resumen

24. Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S, et al. 2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan;79(1):19-30.Texto completo  Resumen

25. Mackie SL, Dejaco C, Appenzeller S, et al. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Mar 1;59(3):e1-e23.Texto completo  Resumen

26. Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 May;77(5):636-43.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Mollan SP, Paemeleire K, Versijpt J, et al. European Headache Federation recommendations for neurologists managing giant cell arteritis. J Headache Pain. 2020 Mar 17;21(1):28.Texto completo  Resumen

28. Mollan SP, Grech O, O'Sullivan E, et al. Practice points for ophthalmologists from the 2020 British Society for Rheumatology giant cell arteritis guidelines. Eye (Lond). 2021 Mar;35(3):699-701.Texto completo  Resumen

29. Royal College of Physicians. Diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis. August 2010 [internet publication].Texto completo

30. Luqmani R, Lee E, Singh S, et al. The role of ultrasound compared to biopsy of temporal arteries in the diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis (TABUL): a diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness study. Health Technol Assess. 2016 Nov;20(90):1-238.Texto completo  Resumen

31. Diamantopoulos AP, Haugeberg G, Lindland A, et al. The fast-track ultrasound clinic for early diagnosis of giant cell arteritis significantly reduces permanent visual impairment: towards a more effective strategy to improve clinical outcome in giant cell arteritis? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016 Jan;55(1):66-70.Texto completo  Resumen

32. Mukhtyar C, Ducker G, Fordham S, et al. Improving the quality of care for people with giant cell arteritis. Clin Med (Lond). 2021 Jul;21(4):e371-4.Texto completo

33. Patil P, Williams M, Maw WW, et al. Fast track pathway reduces sight loss in giant cell arteritis: results of a longitudinal observational cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015 Mar-Apr;33(2 suppl 89):S-103-6. Resumen

34. Lie JT. Illustrated histopathologic classification criteria for selected vasculitis syndromes. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Classification of Vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug;33(8):1074-87.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Muratore F, Boiardi L, Cavazza A, et al. Association between specimen length and number of sections and diagnostic yield of temporal artery biopsy for giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Mar;73(3):402-8. Resumen

36. Achkar AA, Lie JT, Hunder GG, et al. How does previous corticosteroid treatment affect the biopsy findings in giant cell (temporal) arteritis? Ann Intern Med. 1994 Jun 15;120(12):987-92. Resumen

37. Ray-Chaudhuri N, Kine DA, Tijani SO, et al. Effect of prior steroid treatment on temporal artery biopsy findings in giant cell arteritis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002 May;86(5):530-2. Resumen

38. Maleszewski JJ, Younge BR, Fritzlen JT, et al. Clinical and pathological evolution of giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of follow-up temporal artery biopsies in 40 treated patients. Mod Pathol. 2017 Jun;30(6):788-96.Texto completo  Resumen

39. Muratore F, Kermani TA, Crowson CS, et al. Large-vessel giant cell arteritis: a cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Mar;54(3):463-70.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Nielsen BD, Gormsen LC, Hansen IT, et al. Three days of high-dose glucocorticoid treatment attenuates large-vessel 18F-FDG uptake in large-vessel giant cell arteritis but with a limited impact on diagnostic accuracy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018 Jul;45(7):1119-28. Resumen

41. Taimen K, Salomäki SP, Hohenthal U, et al. The clinical impact of using 18F-FDG-PET/CT in the diagnosis of suspected vasculitis: the effect of dose and timing of glucocorticoid treatment. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2019;2019:9157637.Texto completo  Resumen

42. Gertz MA, Kyle RA, Griffing WL, et al. Jaw claudication in primary systemic amyloidosis. Medicine (Baltimore). 1986 May;65(3):173-9. Resumen

43. Rao JK, Allen NB, Pincus T. Limitations of the 1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria in the diagnosis of vasculitis. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Sep 1;129(5):345-52. Resumen

44. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tuberculosis. September 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

45. Singh AG, Kermani TA, Crowson CS, et al. Visual manifestations in giant cell arteritis: trend over 5 decades in a population-based cohort. J Rheumatol. 2015 Feb;42(2):309-15.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Mukhtyar C, Cate H, Graham C, et al. Development of an evidence-based regimen of prednisolone to treat giant cell arteritis - the Norwich regimen. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2019;3(1):rkz001.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Grossman JM, Gordon R, Ranganath VK, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2010 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010 Nov;62(11):1515-26.Texto completo  Resumen

48. Scarpignato C, Gatta L, Zullo A, et al. Effective and safe proton pump inhibitor therapy in acid-related diseases - A position paper addressing benefits and potential harms of acid suppression. BMC Med. 2016 Nov 9;14(1):179.Texto completo  Resumen

49. Seelig E, Meyer S, Timper K, et al. Metformin prevents metabolic side effects during systemic glucocorticoid treatment. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017 Mar;176(3):349-58.Texto completo  Resumen

50. Chan CC, Paine M, O'Day J. Steroid management in giant cell arteritis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001 Sep;85(9):1061-4. Resumen

51. Villiger PM, Adler S, Kuchen S, et al. Tocilizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 May 7;387(10031):1921-7. Resumen

52. Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Trial of tocilizumab in giant-cell arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jul 27;377(4):317-28. Resumen

53. Antonio AA, Santos RN, Abariga SA. Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Aug 22;8:CD013484.Texto completo  Resumen

54. Maz M, Chung SA, Abril A, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation guideline for the management of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Aug;73(8):1349-65.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Stone JH, Han J, Aringer M, et al; for the GiACTA investigators. Long-term effect of tocilizumab in patients with giant cell arteritis: open-label extension phase of the Giant Cell Arteritis Actemra (GiACTA) trial. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021 May;3(5):e328-36.Texto completo

56. Monti S, Águeda AF, Luqmani RA, et al. Systematic literature review informing the 2018 update of the EULAR recommendation for the management of large vessel vasculitis: focus on giant cell arteritis. RMD Open. 2019 Sep 16;5(2):e001003.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Berti A, Cornec D, Medina Inojosa JR, et al. Treatments for giant cell arteritis: Meta-analysis and assessment of estimates reliability using the fragility index. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018 Aug;48(1):77-82. Resumen

58. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tocilizumab for treating giant cell arteritis. April 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

59. Hoffman GS, Cid MC, Hellmann DB, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adjuvant methotrexate treatment for giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 May;46(5):1309-18. Resumen

60. Jover JA, Hernandez-Garcia C, Morado IC, et al. Combined treatment of giant-cell arteritis with methotrexate and prednisone: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jan 16;134(2):106-14. Resumen

61. Mahr AD, Jover JA, Spiera RF, et al. Adjunctive methotrexate for treatment of giant cell arteritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Aug;56(8):2789-97. Resumen

62. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Tocilizumab (RoActemra): rare risk of serious liver injury including cases requiring transplantation. Jul 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

63. Narváez J, Bernad B, Gómez-Vaquero C, et al. Impact of antiplatelet therapy in the development of severe ischemic complications and in the outcome of patients with giant cell arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008 May-Jun;26(3 suppl 49):S57-62. Resumen

64. Salvarani C, Della Bella C, Cimino L, et al. Risk factors for severe cranial ischaemic events in an Italian population-based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Mar;48(3):250-3.Texto completo  Resumen

65. Martínez-Taboada VM, López-Hoyos M, Narvaez J, et al. Effect of antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy on severe ischemic complications in patients with giant cell arteritis: a cumulative meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Aug;13(8):788-94. Resumen

66. Evans JM, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Increased incidence of aortic aneurysm and dissection in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. A population-based study. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Apr 1;122(7):502-7. Resumen

67. Nuenninghoff DM, Hunder GG, Christianson TJ, et al. Mortality of large-artery complication (aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and/or large-artery stenosis) in patients with giant cell arteritis: a population-based study over 50 years. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Dec;48(12):3532-7. Resumen

68. Tomasson G, Peloquin C, Mohammad A, et al. Risk for cardiovascular disease early and late after a diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Jan 21;160(2):73-80.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Amiri N, De Vera M, Choi HK, et al. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in giant cell arteritis: a general population-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016 Jan;55(1):33-40. Resumen

70. Younge BR, Cook BE Jr, Bartley GB, et al. Initiation of glucocorticoid therapy: before or after temporal artery biopsy? Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Apr;79(4):483-91. Resumen

71. Aiello PD, Trautmann JC, McPhee TJ, et al. Visual prognosis in giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology. 1993 Apr;100(4):550-5. Resumen

72. Liozon E, Herrmann F, Ly K, et al. Risk factors for visual loss in giant cell (temporal) arteritis: a prospective study of 174 patients. Am J Med. 2001 Aug 15;111(3):211-7. Resumen

Comorbidities Manager reference articles

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76. Mollan SP, Paemeleire K, Versijpt J, et al. European Headache Federation recommendations for neurologists managing giant cell arteritis. J Headache Pain. 2020 Mar 17;21(1):28Texto completo  Resumen

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81. Tuckwell K, Collinson N, Dimonaco S, et al. Newly diagnosed vs. relapsing giant cell arteritis: baseline data from the GiACTA trial. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017 Apr;46(5):657-64 Resumen

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