A doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro (DECH) é uma complicação grave e com possível risco de vida após o transplante alogênico de células hematopoéticas (HCT). A DECH ocorre quando as células T do doador respondem a antígenos histoincompatíveis nos tecidos do hospedeiro.
Vários fatores de risco determinam o desenvolvimento da DECH, que pode ser aguda ou crônica.
Os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da DECH aguda incluem:[18]Wojnar J, Giebel S, Krawczyk-Kulis M, et al. Acute graft-versus-host disease. The incidence and risk factors. Ann Transplant. 2006;11(1):16-23.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17025025?tool=bestpractice.com
[23]Nash RA, Pepe MS, Storb R, et al. Acute graft-versus-host disease: analysis of risk factors after allogeneic marrow transplantation and prophylaxis with cyclosporine and methotrexate. Blood. 1992 Oct 1;80(7):1838-45.
http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/reprint/80/7/1838
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1391947?tool=bestpractice.com
[24]Hahn T, McCarthy PL Jr, Zhang MJ, et al. Risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease after human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling transplants for adults with leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Dec 10;26(35):5728-34.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18981462?tool=bestpractice.com
[25]Storb R, Prentice RL, Buckner CD, et al. Graft-versus-host disease and survival in patients with aplastic anemia treated by marrow grafts from HLA-identical siblings. Beneficial effect of a protective environment. N Engl J Med. 1983 Feb 10;308(6):302-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6337323?tool=bestpractice.com
[26]Anasetti C, Beatty PG, Storb R, et al. Effect of HLA incompatibility on graft-versus-host disease, relapse, and survival after marrow transplantation for patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Hum Immunol. 1990 Oct;29(2):79-91.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2249952?tool=bestpractice.com
[27]Weisdorf D, Hakke R, Blazar B, et al. Risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease in histocompatible donor bone marrow transplantation. Transplant. 1991 Jun;51(6):1197-203.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2048196?tool=bestpractice.com
[28]Hagglund H, Bostrom L, Remberger M, et al. Risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease in 291 consecutive HLA-identical bone marrow transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1995 Dec;16(6):747-53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8750264?tool=bestpractice.com
[29]Eisner MD, August CS. Impact of donor and recipient characteristics on the development of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease following pediatric bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1995 May;15(5):663-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7670393?tool=bestpractice.com
[30]Young NS, Calado RT, Scheinberg P. Current concepts in the pathophysiology and treatment of aplastic anemia. Blood. 2006 Oct 15;108(8):2509-19.
http://bloodjournal.org/content/108/8/2509.full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778145?tool=bestpractice.com
[31]Martin P, Bleyzac N, Souillet G, et al. Clinical and pharmacological risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease after paediatric bone marrow transplantation from matched-sibling or unrelated donors. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2003 Nov;32(9):881-7.
https://www.nature.com/articles/1704239
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14561988?tool=bestpractice.com
[32]Gale RP, Bortin MM, van Bekkum DW, et al. Risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease. Br J Haematol. 1987 Dec;67(4):397-406.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3322360?tool=bestpractice.com
[33]Atkinson K, Farrell C, Chapman G, et al. Female marrow donors increase the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease: effect of donor age and parity and analysis of cell subpopulations in the donor marrow inoculum. Br J Haematol. 1986 Jun;63(2):231-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3521713?tool=bestpractice.com
[34]Bross DS, Tutschka PJ, Farmer ER, et al. Predictive factors for acute graft-versus-host disease in patients transplanted with HLA-identical bone marrow. Blood. 1984 Jun;63(6):1265-70.
http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/reprint/63/6/1265
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6372895?tool=bestpractice.com
[35]Clift RA, Buckner CD, Appelbaum FR, et al. Allogeneic marrow transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first remission: a randomized trial of 2 irradiation regimens. Blood. 1990 Nov 1;76(9):1867-71.
http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/reprint/76/9/1867
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2224134?tool=bestpractice.com
[36]Finke J, Schmoor C, Bethge WA, et al; ATG-Fresenius Trial Group. Prognostic factors affecting outcome after allogeneic transplantation for hematological malignancies from unrelated donors: results from a randomized trial. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012 Nov;18(11):1716-26.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22713691?tool=bestpractice.com
[37]Oh H, Loberiza FR, Zhang MJ, et al. Comparison of graft-versus-host-disease and survival after HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation in ethnic populations. Blood. 2005 Feb 15;105(4):1408-16.
http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/full/105/4/1408
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486071?tool=bestpractice.com
[38]Silla L, Fischer GB, Paz A, et al. Patient's socioeconomic status as a prognostic factor for allo-SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2009 Apr;43(7):571-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18978820?tool=bestpractice.com
[39]Flowers ME, Inamoto Y, Carpenter PA, et al. Comparative analysis of risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease and for chronic graft-versus-host disease according to National Institutes of Health consensus criteria. Blood. 2011 Mar 17;117(11):3214-9.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3062319
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21263156?tool=bestpractice.com
[40]Azari M, Barkhordar M, Bahri T, et al. Determining the predictive impact of donor parity on the outcomes of human leukocyte antigen matched hematopoietic stem cell transplants: a retrospective, single-center study. Front Oncol. 2024;14:1339605.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10918844
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38454927?tool=bestpractice.com
[41]Kalhs P, Schwarzinger I, Anderson G, et al. A retrospective analysis of the long-term effect of splenectomy on late infections, graft-versus-host disease, relapse, and survival after allogeneic marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 1995 Sep 1;86(5):2028-32.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7655031?tool=bestpractice.com
Incompatibilidade do antígeno leucocitário humano (HLA)
Receptor mais velho ou idade do doador
Disparidade de gênero entre doadores e receptores (particularmente uma doadora feminina com um receptor masculino)
Doadora mulher que já teve filhos
Tipo e estágio da neoplasia subjacente
Intensidade do esquema de condicionamento para transplante
Compatibilidade de ABO
Escore de capacidade funcional
Raça branca/negra
Situação sorológica para citomegalovírus
profilaxia de DECH ausente ou aquém do ideal
Esplenectomia
condição socioeconômica baixa
Os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da DECH crônica incluem:[7]Frey NV, Porter DL. Graft-versus-host disease after donor leukocyte infusions: presentation and management. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2008 Jun;21(2):205-22.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18503987?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Lee SJ, Vogelsang G, Flowers MED. Chronic graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2003 Apr;9(4):215-33.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12720215?tool=bestpractice.com
[21]Antin JH. Clinical practice. Long-term care after hematopoietic-cell transplantation in adults. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 4;347(1):36-42.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12097539?tool=bestpractice.com
[39]Flowers ME, Inamoto Y, Carpenter PA, et al. Comparative analysis of risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease and for chronic graft-versus-host disease according to National Institutes of Health consensus criteria. Blood. 2011 Mar 17;117(11):3214-9.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3062319
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21263156?tool=bestpractice.com
[42]Anasetti C, Logan BR, Lee SJ, et al; Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network. Peripheral-blood stem cells versus bone marrow from unrelated donors. N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 18;367(16):1487-96.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1203517#t=article
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23075175?tool=bestpractice.com
[43]Cutler C, Giri S, Jeyapalan S, et al. Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell and bone marrow transplantation: a meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Aug 15;19(16):3685-91.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504750?tool=bestpractice.com
[44]Loren AW, Bunin GR, Boudreau C, et al. Impact of donor and recipient sex and parity on outcomes of HLA-identical sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2006 Jul;12(7):758-69.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16785065?tool=bestpractice.com
[45]Koster EAS, von dem Borne PA, van Balen P, et al. Risk factors for graft-versus-host-disease after donor lymphocyte infusion following T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1335341.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10966113
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38545096?tool=bestpractice.com
[38]Silla L, Fischer GB, Paz A, et al. Patient's socioeconomic status as a prognostic factor for allo-SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2009 Apr;43(7):571-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18978820?tool=bestpractice.com
[46]Lazaryan A, Weisdorf DJ, DeFor T, et al. Risk factors for acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with umbilical cord blood and matched sibling donors. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2016 Jan;22(1):134-40.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4787268
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26365153?tool=bestpractice.com
DECH aguda prévia
Idade avançada do receptor
doadora mulher com receptor homem
Doadora mulher que já teve filhos
Doadores incompatíveis ou não aparentados
Infusão de linfócitos do doador (pós-HCT)
Uso de células-tronco do sangue periférico
condição socioeconômica baixa