Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco (geralmente assintomáticos)
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- poliúria
- polidipsia
- macrossomia fetal em uma gravidez prévia
Fatores de risco
- índice de massa corporal (IMC) elevado
- diabetes gestacional pregressa
- bebê macrossômico prévio
- história familiar de diabetes mellitus
- ascendência não branca
- idade materna avançada (>40 anos)
- síndrome do ovário policístico (SOPC)
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- teste oral de tolerância à glicose (TOTG)
Investigações a serem consideradas
- glicose sanguínea (plasmática) aleatória
- HbA1c
- glicemia de jejum
Algoritmo de tratamento
Colaboradores
Autores
Eleanor Scott, BM, BS, MD, FRCP
Professor of Medicine (Diabetes and Maternal Health)
Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine
Leeds Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology
Leeds
UK
Declarações
ES has delivered lectures and educational events for numerous organisations. She has received honoraria for talks/workshops given by Ypsomed and Lilly Diabetes Care. ES has received research grant support from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Abbott Diabetes Care, and the Medical Research Council (MRC) - this has gone directly to her University of Leeds employer. All of the above relate to the theme of diabetes in pregnancy. She has no contractual agreements to disseminate any product information.
Rebecca Spencer, MBChB, BSc, MRCOG, PhD
NIHR Clinical Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
University of Leeds
Leeds
UK
Declarações
RS has received a grant from the Academy of Medical Sciences, funding from NIHR, travel and accommodation expenses from the Drug Information Association to speak at their European conference, and Tommy’s; none of these relate to the topic covered. RS has acted as an unpaid consultant to Comanche Biopharma, who are developing a novel therapy for pre-eclampsia.
Agradecimentos
Dr Scott and Dr Spencer would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ellen W. Seely, Dr Chloe Zera, Dr Jeremy Soule and Dr Leonard E. Egede, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
EWS and CZ declare that they have no competing interests. JS has undertaken research support and speakers' bureau activity for Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Astra Zeneca, and Sanofi-Aventis. LEE is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Revisores
Helen Murphy, MBBch, BAO, FRACP, MD
Clinical Professor in Medicine (Diabetes and Antenatal Care)
University of East Anglia
Norwich
UK
Declarações
HM sits on the Medtronic (insulin pump and CGM manufacturer) European scientific advisory board. HM has received research support (CGM sensors and insulin pumps) at reduced cost from Medtronic, Dexcom, and Johnson & Johnson. MH has contributed to educational events sponsored by NovoNordisk, Medtronic, Dexcom, and Abbott Diabetes Care.
Créditos aos pareceristas
Os tópicos do BMJ Best Practice são constantemente atualizados, seguindo os desenvolvimentos das evidências e das diretrizes. Os pareceristas aqui listados revisaram o conteúdo pelo menos uma vez durante a história do tópico.
Declarações
As afiliações e declarações dos pareceristas referem--se ao momento da revisão.
Referências
Principais artigos
Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, et al; International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010 Mar;33(3):676-82.Texto completo Resumo
Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy: a World Health Organization Guideline. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014 Mar;103(3):341-63.Texto completo Resumo
American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 1;48(Suppl 1):S344-52.Texto completo
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo
Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care Group (JBDS-IP). Managing diabetes and hyperglycaemia during labour and birth. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível aqui.
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