Outras apresentações
Os pacientes com doença de von Willebrand (DVW) frequentemente apresentam sangramento mucocutâneo excessivo (incluindo sangramento menstrual intenso, epistaxe e facilidade em apresentar hematomas).[7]Castaman G, Federici AB, Rodeghiero F, et al. Von Willebrand's disease in the year 2003: towards the complete identification of gene defects for correct diagnosis and treatment. Haematologica. 2003;88:94-108.
http://www.haematologica.org/cgi/reprint/88/1/94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12551832?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Du P, Bergamasco A, Moride Y, et al. Von willebrand disease epidemiology, burden of illness and management: a systematic review. J Blood Med. 2023;14:189-208.
https://www.dovepress.com/von-willebrand-disease-epidemiology-burden-of-illness-and-management-a-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JBM
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36891166?tool=bestpractice.com
Os pacientes também podem apresentar sangramento excessivo devido a traumas/pequenas feridas ou cirurgias (por exemplo, tonsilectomia, extração dentária).[7]Castaman G, Federici AB, Rodeghiero F, et al. Von Willebrand's disease in the year 2003: towards the complete identification of gene defects for correct diagnosis and treatment. Haematologica. 2003;88:94-108.
http://www.haematologica.org/cgi/reprint/88/1/94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12551832?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Du P, Bergamasco A, Moride Y, et al. Von willebrand disease epidemiology, burden of illness and management: a systematic review. J Blood Med. 2023;14:189-208.
https://www.dovepress.com/von-willebrand-disease-epidemiology-burden-of-illness-and-management-a-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JBM
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36891166?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Nichols WL, Hultin MB, James AH, et al. Von Willebrand disease (VWD): evidence-based diagnosis and management guidelines, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Expert Panel report (USA). Haemophilia. 2008;14:171-232.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01643.x/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18315614?tool=bestpractice.com
Os pacientes podem apresentar hematúria ou sangramento no sistema nervoso central, mas estes são menos comuns.[7]Castaman G, Federici AB, Rodeghiero F, et al. Von Willebrand's disease in the year 2003: towards the complete identification of gene defects for correct diagnosis and treatment. Haematologica. 2003;88:94-108.
http://www.haematologica.org/cgi/reprint/88/1/94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12551832?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Du P, Bergamasco A, Moride Y, et al. Von willebrand disease epidemiology, burden of illness and management: a systematic review. J Blood Med. 2023;14:189-208.
https://www.dovepress.com/von-willebrand-disease-epidemiology-burden-of-illness-and-management-a-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JBM
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36891166?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Nichols WL, Hultin MB, James AH, et al. Von Willebrand disease (VWD): evidence-based diagnosis and management guidelines, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Expert Panel report (USA). Haemophilia. 2008;14:171-232.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01643.x/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18315614?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Labarque V, Stain AM, Blanchette V, et al. Intracranial haemorrhage in von Willebrand disease: a report on six cases. Haemophilia. 2013 Jul;19(4):602-6.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hae.12142
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23556472?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Zanon E, Pasca S, Bertomoro A, et al. Spontaneous recurrent intracranial haemorrhage in a woman with type 2B von Willebrand disease: A clinical case and a brief literature review. Haemophilia. 2019 Jul;25(4):e282-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30924991?tool=bestpractice.com
Os sintomas de sangramento costumam ser mais graves na DVW dos tipos 2 e 3 do que na DVW do tipo 1, e podem começar em uma idade mais precoce.[7]Castaman G, Federici AB, Rodeghiero F, et al. Von Willebrand's disease in the year 2003: towards the complete identification of gene defects for correct diagnosis and treatment. Haematologica. 2003;88:94-108.
http://www.haematologica.org/cgi/reprint/88/1/94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12551832?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Du P, Bergamasco A, Moride Y, et al. Von willebrand disease epidemiology, burden of illness and management: a systematic review. J Blood Med. 2023;14:189-208.
https://www.dovepress.com/von-willebrand-disease-epidemiology-burden-of-illness-and-management-a-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JBM
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36891166?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Nichols WL, Hultin MB, James AH, et al. Von Willebrand disease (VWD): evidence-based diagnosis and management guidelines, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Expert Panel report (USA). Haemophilia. 2008;14:171-232.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01643.x/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18315614?tool=bestpractice.com
A gravidade dos sintomas de sangramento está correlacionada com a redução dos níveis do fator de von Willebrand e da atividade do FvW. Na DVW do tipo 3, o FVIII também está gravemente reduzido e pode estar em níveis tão baixos que colocam o paciente em risco de sintomas de sangramento grave, mais comuns na hemofilia A (por exemplo, sangramento articular [hemartrose], hemorragia digestiva).[8]Du P, Bergamasco A, Moride Y, et al. Von willebrand disease epidemiology, burden of illness and management: a systematic review. J Blood Med. 2023;14:189-208.
https://www.dovepress.com/von-willebrand-disease-epidemiology-burden-of-illness-and-management-a-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JBM
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36891166?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Nichols WL, Hultin MB, James AH, et al. Von Willebrand disease (VWD): evidence-based diagnosis and management guidelines, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Expert Panel report (USA). Haemophilia. 2008;14:171-232.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01643.x/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18315614?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Tosetto A, Badiee Z, Baghaipour MR, et al. Bleeding symptoms in patients diagnosed as type 3 von Willebrand disease: results from 3WINTERS-IPS, an international and collaborative cross-sectional study. J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Sep;18(9):2145-54.
https://www.jthjournal.org/article/S1538-7836(22)01637-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32379400?tool=bestpractice.com
A hemorragia digestiva recorrente pode representar um problema clínico importante, principalmente em pacientes idosos.
Os pacientes com DVW do tipo 2B frequentemente apresentam trombocitopenia leve a moderada.[13]Federici AB, Mannucci PM, Castaman G, et al. Clinical and molecular predictors of thrombocytopenia and risk of bleeding in patients with von Willebrand disease type 2B: a cohort study of 67 patients. Blood. 2009 Jan 15;113(3):526-34.
https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/113/3/526/25145/Clinical-and-molecular-predictors-of
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18805962?tool=bestpractice.com
Um diagnóstico de DVW do tipo 2B pode ocorrer após o achado incidental de trombocitopenia, principalmente durante a gravidez, o que tende a reduzir ainda mais a contagem plaquetária.[14]Pavord S, Rayment R, Madan B, et al; on behalf of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Management of inherited bleeding disorders in pregnancy. Green-top guideline No 71 (joint with UKHCDO). BJOG. 2017 Jul;124(8):e193–263.
https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1471-0528.14592
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28447403?tool=bestpractice.com