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Última revisión: 21 Apr 2025
Última actualización: 06 Dec 2024

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presencia de factores de riesgo (generalmente asintomáticos)

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • poliuria
  • polidipsia
  • macrosomía fetal en un embarazo anterior

Factores de riesgo

  • índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado
  • diabetes gestacional previa
  • anterior bebé macrosómico
  • antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus
  • ascendencia no blanca
  • edad materna avanzada (>40 años)
  • síndrome del ovario poliquístico (SOPQ)

Pruebas diagnósticas

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • glucosa en sangre (plasmática) al azar
  • HbA1c
  • glucosa plasmática en ayunas

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Colaboradores

Autores

Eleanor Scott, BM, BS, MD, FRCP

Professor of Medicine (Diabetes and Maternal Health)

Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine

Leeds Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology

Leeds

UK

Divulgaciones

ES has received honoraria for talks given by Abbott Diabetes Care and Lilly Diabetes Care. ES has received research grant support from Abbott Diabetes Care in conjunction with the Medical Research Council (MRC) through an MRC industry collaboration agreement - this has gone directly to her University of Leeds employer.

Rebecca Spencer, MBChB, BSc, MRCOG, PhD

NIHR Clinical Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology

University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

Divulgaciones

RS is in receipt of a National Institute for Health and Care Research Clinical Lectureship and an Academy of Medical Sciences Starter Grant. RS has acted as an unpaid consultant to Comanche Biopharma, who are developing a novel therapy for pre-eclampsia.

Agradecimientos

Dr Scott and Dr Spencer would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ellen W. Seely, Dr Chloe Zera, Dr Jeremy Soule and Dr Leonard E. Egede, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

EWS and CZ declare that they have no competing interests. JS has undertaken research support and speakers' bureau activity for Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Astra Zeneca, and Sanofi-Aventis. LEE is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Revisores por pares

Helen Murphy, MBBch, BAO, FRACP, MD

Clinical Professor in Medicine (Diabetes and Antenatal Care)

University of East Anglia

Norwich

UK

Divulgaciones

HM sits on the Medtronic (insulin pump and CGM manufacturer) European scientific advisory board. HM has received research support (CGM sensors and insulin pumps) at reduced cost from Medtronic, Dexcom, and Johnson & Johnson. MH has contributed to educational events sponsored by NovoNordisk, Medtronic, Dexcom, and Abbott Diabetes Care.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, et al; International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010 Mar;33(3):676-82.Texto completo  Resumen

Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy: a World Health Organization Guideline. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014 Mar;103(3):341-63.Texto completo  Resumen

American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan;46(Suppl 1):S1-291.Texto completo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

Plows JF, Stanley JL, Baker PN, et al. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 26;19(11):E3342.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible aquí.

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