Referencias

Artículos principales

Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing commission. Lancet. 2024 Aug 10;404(10452):572-628. Resumen

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: dementia. 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

McShane R, Westby MJ, Roberts E, et al. Memantine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 20;(3):CD003154.Texto completo  Resumen

Birks JS, Chong LY, Grimley Evans J. Rivastigmine for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 22;(9):CD001191.Texto completo  Resumen

Birks JS, Harvey RJ. Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jun 18;(6):CD001190.Texto completo  Resumen

Reus VI, Fochtmann LJ, Eyler AE, et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline on the use of antipsychotics to treat agitation or psychosis in patients with dementia. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 May 1;173(5):543-6.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

1. Grossman H, Bergmann C, Parker S. Dementia: a brief review. Mt Sinai J Med. 2006 Nov;73(7):985-92. Resumen

2. Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bienias JL, et al. Alzheimer disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Arch Neurol. 2003 Aug;60(8):1119-22.Texto completo  Resumen

3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

4. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5-TR neurocognitive disorders supplement: updated excerpts for delirium codes, major and mild neurocognitive disorders. Nov 2022​ [internet publication].Texto completo

5. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5-TR update: supplement to diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, text revision. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

6. GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jan;18(1):88-106.Texto completo  Resumen

7. GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health. 2022 Feb;7(2):e105-25.Texto completo  Resumen

8. Kramarow EA. Diagnosed dementia in adults age 65 and older:United States, 2022. Natl Health Stat Report. 2024 Jun;(203):1-9.Texto completo  Resumen

9. Alzheimer's Association. 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2023 Apr;19(4):1598-695. Resumen

10. Niu H, Álvarez-Álvarez I, Guillén-Grima F, et al. Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: a meta-analysis. Neurologia. 2017 Oct;32(8):523-32.Texto completo  Resumen

11. Bacigalupo I, Mayer F, Lacorte E, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of dementia in Europe: estimates from the highest-quality studies adopting the DSM IV diagnostic criteria. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;66(4):1471-81.Texto completo  Resumen

12. Matthews KA, Xu W, Gaglioti AH, et al. Racial and ethnic estimates of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the United States (2015-2060) in adults aged ≥65 years. Alzheimers Dement. 2019 Jan;15(1):17-24.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Manly JJ, Jones RN, Langa KM, et al. Estimating the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in the US: the 2016 health and retirement study harmonized cognitive assessment protocol project. JAMA Neurol. 2022 Dec 1;79(12):1242-9.Texto completo  Resumen

14. Joe E, Ringman JM. Cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: clinical management and prevention. BMJ. 2019 Dec 6;367:l6217. Resumen

15. Weglinski C, Jeans A. Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease - front and centre after all? Neuronal Signal. 2023 Mar;7(1):NS20220086.Texto completo  Resumen

16. Lane CA, Hardy J, Schott JM. Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurol. 2018 Jan;25(1):59-70.Texto completo  Resumen

17. Dubois B, Hampel H, Feldman HH, et al. Preclinical Alzheimer's disease: definition, natural history, and diagnostic criteria. Alzheimers Dement. 2016 Mar;12(3):292-323. Resumen

18. Dumurgier J, Hanseeuw BJ, Hatling FB, et al. Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and future decline in cognitive normal older adults. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;60(4):1451-9.Texto completo  Resumen

19. Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. NIA-AA Research Framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018 Apr;14(4):535-62.Texto completo  Resumen

20. Ruan Y, Tang J, Guo X, et al. Dietary fat intake and risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2018;15(9):869-76. Resumen

21. Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing commission. Lancet. 2024 Aug 10;404(10452):572-628. Resumen

22. Sabia S, Fayosse A, Dumurgier J, et al. Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: 23 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study. BMJ. 2018 Aug 1;362:k2927.Texto completo  Resumen

23. Raichlen DA, Aslan DH, Sayre MK, et al. Sedentary behavior and incident dementia among older adults. JAMA. 2023 Sep 12;330(10):934-40.Texto completo  Resumen

24. Iso-Markku P, Aaltonen S, Kujala UM, et al. Physical activity and cognitive decline among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Feb 5;7(2):e2354285.Texto completo  Resumen

25. Anatürk M, Patel R, Ebmeier KP, et al. Development and validation of a dementia risk score in the UK Biobank and Whitehall II cohorts. BMJ Ment Health. 2023 Jul;26(1):e300719.Texto completo  Resumen

26. Barnes DE, Byers AL, Gardner RC, et al. Association of mild traumatic brain injury with and without loss of consciousness with dementia in US military veterans. JAMA Neurol. 2018 Sep 1;75(9):1055-61.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Loughrey DG, Kelly ME, Kelley GA, et al. Association of age-related hearing loss with cognitive function, cognitive impairment, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018 Feb 1;144(2):115-26.Texto completo  Resumen

28. Cantuaria ML, Pedersen ER, Waldorff FB, et al. Hearing loss, hearing aid use, and risk of dementia in older adults. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024 Feb 1;150(2):157-64.Texto completo  Resumen

29. Anstey KJ, Ashby-Mitchell K, Peters R. Updating the evidence on the association between serum cholesterol and risk of late-life dementia: review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;56(1):215-28.Texto completo  Resumen

30. Zuin M, Cervellati C, Brombo G, et al. Elevated blood homocysteine and risk of alzheimer's dementia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis based on prospective studies. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2021;8(3):329-34.Texto completo  Resumen

31. Taipale H, Gomm W, Broich K, et al. Use of antiepileptic drugs and dementia risk: an analysis of Finnish health register and German health insurance data. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018 Jul;66(6):1123-9. Resumen

32. Hu X, Zhang J, Qiu Y, et al. Periodontal disease and the risk of alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychogeriatrics. 2021 Sep;21(5):813-25. Resumen

33. Asher S, Stephen R, Mäntylä P, et al. Periodontal health, cognitive decline, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022 Sep;70(9):2695-709.Texto completo  Resumen

34. Burton MJ, Ramke J, Marques AP, et al. The lancet global health commission on global eye health: vision beyond 2020. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Apr;9(4):e489-551.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Killeen OJ, Zhou Y, Ehrlich JR. Objectively measured visual impairment and dementia prevalence in older adults in the US. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2023 Aug 1;141(8):786-90.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Zheng YB, Shi L, Zhu XM, et al. Anticholinergic drugs and the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Aug;127:296-306. Resumen

37. Taylor-Rowan M, Edwards S, Noel-Storr AH, et al. Anticholinergic burden (prognostic factor) for prediction of dementia or cognitive decline in older adults with no known cognitive syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 5;5(5):CD013540.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Jayadevappa R, Chhatre S, Malkowicz SB, et al. Association between androgen deprivation therapy use and diagnosis of dementia in men with prostate cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jul 3;2(7):e196562.Texto completo  Resumen

39. Nunomura A, Perry G, Aliev G, et al. Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2001 Aug;60(8):759-67. Resumen

40. de la Torre JC, Stefano GB. Evidence that Alzheimer's disease is a microvascular disorder: the role of constitutive nitric oxide. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Dec;34(3):119-36. Resumen

41. Streit WJ. Microglia and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. J Neurosci Res. 2004 Jul 1;77(1):1-8. Resumen

42. Scheltens P, De Strooper B, Kivipelto M, et al. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 2021 Apr 24;397(10284):1577-90.Texto completo  Resumen

43. Bachman DL, Wolf PA, Linn RT, et al. Incidence of dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease in a general population: the Framingham Study. Neurology. 1993 Mar;43(3 Pt 1):515-9. Resumen

44. Lautenschlager NT, Cupples LA, Rao VS, et al. Risk of dementia among relatives of Alzheimer's disease patients in the MIRAGE study: what is in store for the oldest old? Neurology. 1996 Mar;46(3):641-50. Resumen

45. Silverman JM, Raiford K, Edland S, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part VI. Family history assessment: a multicenter study of first-degree relatives of Alzheimer's disease probands and nondemented spouse controls. Neurology. 1994 Jul;44(7):1253-9. Resumen

46. Bellenguez C, Küçükali F, Jansen IE, et al. New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Nat Genet. 2022 Apr;54(4):412-36.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Yamazaki Y, Painter MM, Bu G, et al. Apolipoprotein E as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease: a review of basic research and clinical evidence. CNS Drugs. 2016 Sep;30(9):773-89.Texto completo  Resumen

48. Serrano-Pozo A, Das S, Hyman BT. APOE and alzheimer's disease: advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Jan;20(1):68-80.Texto completo  Resumen

49. Stocker H, Möllers T, Perna L, et al. The genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease beyond APOE ε4: systematic review of Alzheimer's genetic risk scores. Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 24;8(1):166.Texto completo  Resumen

50. Cipriani G, Danti S, Carlesi C, et al. Aging with Down syndrome: the dual diagnosis: Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2018 Jun;33(4):253-62.Texto completo  Resumen

51. El Husseini N, Katzan IL, Rost NS, et al. Cognitive impairment after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2023 Jun;54(6):e272-91.Texto completo  Resumen

52. Papanastasiou CA, Theochari CA, Zareifopoulos N, et al. Atrial fibrillation is associated with cognitive impairment, all-cause dementia, vascular dementia, and alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2021 Oct;36(10):3122-35.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Doney ASF, Bonney W, Jefferson E, et al. Investigating the relationship between type 2 diabetes and dementia using electronic medical records in the GoDARTS bioresource. Diabetes Care. 2019 Oct;42(10):1973-80.Texto completo  Resumen

54. Gottesman RF, Albert MS, Alonso A, et al. Associations between midlife vascular risk factors and 25-year incident dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) cohort. JAMA Neurol. 2017 Oct 1;74(10):1246-54.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Gong Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, et al. Global ambient particulate matter pollution and neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar;30(14):39418-30. Resumen

56. Zhang B, Weuve J, Langa KM, et al. Comparison of particulate air pollution from different emission sources and incident dementia in the US. JAMA Intern Med. 2023 Oct 1;183(10):1080-9.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Savolainen-Peltonen H, Rahkola-Soisalo P, Hoti F, et al. Use of postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of Alzheimer's disease in Finland: nationwide case-control study. BMJ. 2019 Mar 6;364:l665.Texto completo  Resumen

58. Cardinali CAEF, Martins YA, Torrão AS. Use of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women with alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Drugs Aging. 2021 Sep;38(9):769-91. Resumen

59. Pourhadi N, Mørch LS, Holm EA, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and dementia: nationwide, nested case-control study. BMJ. 2023 Jun 28;381:e072770.Texto completo  Resumen

60. Larsson SC, Traylor M, Malik R; CoSTREAM Consortium, on behalf of the International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project. Modifiable pathways in Alzheimer's disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis. BMJ. 2017 Dec 6;359:j5375.Texto completo  Resumen

61. Bothongo PLK, Jitlal M, Parry E, et al. Dementia risk in a diverse population: a single-region nested case-control study in the East End of London. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2022 Apr;15:100321.Texto completo  Resumen

62. Cherbuin N, Kim S, Anstey KJ. Dementia risk estimates associated with measures of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2015 Dec 21;5(12):e008853.Texto completo  Resumen

63. Kuring JK, Mathias JL, Ward L. Risk of dementia in persons who have previously experienced clinically-significant depression, anxiety, or PTSD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2020 Sep 1;274:247-61. Resumen

64. Wu D, Wang C, Pang P, et al. The association between herpes simplex virus type 1 infection and Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Dec;82(pt a):63-70. Resumen

65. Liu Y, Zhong X, Shen J, et al. Elevated serum TC and LDL-C levels in alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis study. Brain Res. 2020 Jan 15;1727:146554. Resumen

66. Zhu Y, Liu X, Zhu R, et al. Lipid levels and the risk of dementia: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2022 Mar;9(3):296-311.Texto completo  Resumen

67. Zhou F, Chen S. Hyperhomocysteinemia and risk of incident cognitive outcomes: an updated dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Ageing Res Rev. 2019 May;51:55-66. Resumen

68. Seshadri S. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels: risk factor or risk marker for the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease? J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Aug;9(4):393-8. Resumen

69. Lee JJ, Choi GJ, Kang H, et al. Relationship between surgery under general anesthesia and the development of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:3234013.Texto completo  Resumen

70. Baxter MG, Mincer JS, Brallier JW, et al. Cognitive recovery by decade in healthy 40- to 80-year-old volunteers after anesthesia without surgery. Anesth Analg. 2022 Feb 1;134(2):389-99.Texto completo  Resumen

71. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dementia, disability and frailty in later life - mid-life approaches to delay or prevent onset. Oct 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

72. Omura JD, McGuire LC, Patel R, et al. Modifiable risk factors for alzheimer disease and related dementias among adults aged ≥45 years - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 May 20;71(20):680-5.Texto completo  Resumen

73. World Health Organization. Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

74. Lourida I, Hannon E, Littlejohns TJ, et al. Association of lifestyle and genetic risk with incidence of dementia. JAMA. 2019 Jul 14;322(5):430-7.Texto completo  Resumen

75. Yu JT, Xu W, Tan CC, et al. Evidence-based prevention of alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Nov;91(11):1201-9.Texto completo  Resumen

76. Iso-Markku P, Kujala UM, Knittle K, et al. Physical activity as a protective factor for dementia and alzheimer's disease: systematic review, meta-analysis and quality assessment of cohort and case-control studies. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Jun;56(12):701-9.Texto completo  Resumen

77. Del Pozo Cruz B, Ahmadi M, Naismith SL, et al. Association of daily step count and intensity with incident dementia in 78 430 adults living in the UK. JAMA Neurol. 2022 Oct 1;79(10):1059-63.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Brasure M, Desai P, Davila H, et al. Physical activity interventions in preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Jan 2;168(1):30-8. Resumen

79. Kivimäki M, Singh-Manoux A, Pentti J, et al. Physical inactivity, cardiometabolic disease, and risk of dementia: an individual-participant meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019 Apr 17;365:l1495.Texto completo  Resumen

80. Xu W, Wang HF, Wan Y, et al. Leisure time physical activity and dementia risk: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ Open. 2017 Oct 22;7(10):e014706.Texto completo  Resumen

81. Pase MP, Beiser A, Enserro D, et al. Association of ideal cardiovascular health with vascular brain injury and incident dementia. Stroke. 2016 May;47(5):1201-6.Texto completo  Resumen

82. Sabia S, Fayosse A, Dumurgier J, et al. Association of ideal cardiovascular health at age 50 with incidence of dementia: 25 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study. BMJ. 2019 Aug 7;366:l4414.Texto completo  Resumen

83. Larsson SC, Markus HS. Does treating vascular risk factors prevent dementia and Alzheimer's disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;64(2):657-68. Resumen

84. Peters R, Xu Y, Fitzgerald O, et al. Blood pressure lowering and prevention of dementia: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022 Dec 21;43(48):4980-90.Texto completo  Resumen

85. Chu CS, Tseng PT, Stubbs B, et al. Use of statins and the risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 11;8(1):5804.Texto completo  Resumen

86. Smith AD, Refsum H, Bottiglieri T, et al. Homocysteine and dementia: an international consensus statement. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;62(2):561-70.Texto completo  Resumen

87. Fink HA, Jutkowitz E, McCarten JR, et al. Pharmacologic interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Jan 2;168(1):39-51. Resumen

88. Jordan F, Quinn TJ, McGuinness B, et al. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 30;(4):CD011459.Texto completo  Resumen

89. Butler M, Nelson VA, Davila H, et al. Over-the-counter supplement interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Jan 2;168(1):52-62. Resumen

90. Butler M, McCreedy E, Nelson VA, et al. Does cognitive training prevent cognitive decline? A systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Jan 2;168(1):63-8. Resumen

91. Doody RS, Stevens JC, Beck C, et al; American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameter: management of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2001 May 8;56(9):1154-66.Texto completo  Resumen

92. Knopman DS, DeKosky ST, Cummings JL, et al. Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2001 May 8;56(9):1143-53.Texto completo  Resumen

93. Canevelli M, Valletta M, Trebbastoni A, et al. Sundowning in dementia: clinical relevance, pathophysiological determinants, and therapeutic approaches. Front Med (Lausanne). 2016 Dec 27;3:73.Texto completo  Resumen

94. Deardorff WJ, Grossberg GT. Behavioral and psychological symptoms in alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;165:5-32. Resumen

95. Tsoi KK, Chan JY, Hirai HW, et al. Cognitive tests to detect dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Sep;175(9):1450-8.Texto completo  Resumen

96. Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Smailagic N, Roqué-Figuls M, et al. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) for the early detection of dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jul 27;7(7):CD010783.Texto completo  Resumen

97. Chan CC, Fage BA, Burton JK, et al. Mini-Cog for the detection of dementia within a secondary care setting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jul 14;7(7):CD011414.Texto completo  Resumen

98. Fage BA, Chan CC, Gill SS, et al. Mini-Cog for the detection of dementia within a community setting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jul 14;7(7):CD010860.Texto completo  Resumen

99. Seitz DP, Chan CC, Newton HT, et al. Mini-Cog for the detection of dementia within a primary care setting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jul 14;7(7):CD011415.Texto completo  Resumen

100. Julayanont P, Brousseau M, Chertkow H, et al. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Memory Index Score (MoCA-MIS) as a predictor of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Apr;62(4):679-84. Resumen

101. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983;17(1):37-49. Resumen

102. Beishon LC, Elliott E, Hietamies TM, et al. Diagnostic test accuracy of remote, multidomain cognitive assessment (telephone and video call) for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Apr 8;4(4):CD013724.Texto completo  Resumen

103. Naeem F, McCleery J, Hietamies TM, et al. Diagnostic test accuracy of self-administered cognitive assessment tools for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 Dec 19;12(12):CD013725.Texto completo  Resumen

104. Filippi M, Agosta F, Barkhof F, et al; European Federation of the Neurologic Societies. EFNS task force: the use of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of dementia. Eur J Neurol. 2012 Dec;19(12):e131-40, 1487-501.Texto completo  Resumen

105. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: dementia. 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

106. Hort JO, O'Brien JT, Gainotti G, et al. EFNS guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Oct;17(10):1236-48.Texto completo  Resumen

107. McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):263-9.Texto completo  Resumen

108. Alzheimer’s Disease International; Rosa-Neto P. World Alzheimer report 2021: journey to a diagnosis of dementia. Chapter 9. Brain imaging using CT and MRI. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

109. Martínez G, Vernooij RW, Fuentes Padilla P, et al. 18F PET with florbetaben for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 22;(11):CD012883.Texto completo  Resumen

110. Martínez G, Vernooij RW, Fuentes Padilla P, et al. 18F PET with florbetapir for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 22;(11):CD012216.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Martínez G, Vernooij RW, Fuentes Padilla P, et al. 18F PET with flutemetamol for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 22;(11):CD012884.Texto completo  Resumen

112. Chételat G, Arbizu J, Barthel H, et al. Amyloid-PET and (18)F-FDG-PET in the diagnostic investigation of alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Lancet Neurol. 2020 Nov;19(11):951-62. Resumen

113. Raji CA, Torosyan N, Silverman DHS. Optimizing use of neuroimaging tools in evaluation of prodromal alzheimer's disease and related disorders. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;77(3):935-47. Resumen

114. American College of Radiology. ACR-ACNM-ASNR-SNMMI practice parameter for brain PET-CT imaging in dementia. 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

115. Suppiah S, Didier MA, Vinjamuri S. The who, when, why, and how of PET amyloid imaging in management of Alzheimer's disease-review of literature and interesting images. Diagnostics (Basel). 2019 Jun 25;9(2):65.Texto completo  Resumen

116. Tian M, Zuo C, Civelek AC, et al. International nuclear medicine consensus on the clinical use of amyloid positron emission tomography in alzheimer's disease. Phenomics. 2023 Aug;3(4):375-89.Texto completo  Resumen

117. Weintraub S. Neuropsychological assessment in dementia diagnosis. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2022 Jun 1;28(3):781-99.Texto completo  Resumen

118. Burgunder JM, Finsterer J, Szolnoki Z, et al. EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of channelopathies, epilepsies, migraine, stroke, and dementias. Eur J Neurol. 2010 May;17(5):641-8.Texto completo  Resumen

119. Algeciras-Schimnich A, Bornhorst JA. Importance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection protocol for the accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease when using CSF biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement. 2024 May;20(5):3657-8.Texto completo  Resumen

120. Mielke MM, Fowler NR. Alzheimer disease blood biomarkers: considerations for population-level use. Nat Rev Neurol. 2024 Aug;20(8):495-504. Resumen

121. Hansson O, Batrla R, Brix B, et al. The Alzheimer's association international guidelines for handling of cerebrospinal fluid for routine clinical measurements of amyloid β and tau. Alzheimers Dement. 2021 Sep;17(9):1575-82.Texto completo  Resumen

122. Ritchie C, Smailagic N, Noel-Storr AH, et al. CSF tau and the CSF tau/ABeta ratio for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Mar 22;(3):CD010803.Texto completo  Resumen

123. Nguyen TT, Ta QTH, Nguyen TKO, et al. Role of body-fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 May 20;10(5):326.Texto completo  Resumen

124. Herukka SK, Simonsen AH, Andreasen N, et al. Recommendations for cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in the diagnostic evaluation of mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 2017 Mar;13(3):285-95.Texto completo  Resumen

125. Kokkinou M, Beishon LC, Smailagic N, et al. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ABeta42 for the differential diagnosis of alzheimer's disease dementia in participants diagnosed with any dementia subtype in a specialist care setting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Feb 10;2(2):CD010945.Texto completo  Resumen

126. Rivero-Santana A, Ferreira D, Perestelo-Pérez L, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration: systematic review, HSROC analysis, and confounding factors. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;55(2):625-44. Resumen

127. Roveta F, Cermelli A, Boschi S, et al. Synaptic proteins as fluid biomarkers in alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;90(4):1381-93. Resumen

128. Qu Y, Ma YH, Huang YY, et al. Blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Sep;128:479-86. Resumen

129. Zabala-Findlay A, Penny LK, Lofthouse RA, et al. Utility of blood-based tau biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Cells. 2023 Apr 18;12(8):1184.Texto completo  Resumen

130. Tariq SH, Tumosa N, Chibnall JT, et al. Comparison of the Saint Louis University mental status examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination for detecting dementia and mild neurocognitive disorder - a pilot study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;14(11):900-10. Resumen

131. Scheltens P, Fox N, Barkhof F, et al. Structural magnetic resonance imaging in the practical assessment of dementia: beyond exclusion. Lancet Neurol. 2002 May;1(1):13-21. Resumen

132. Chetelat G, Baron JC. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: contribution of structural neuroimaging. Neuroimage. 2003 Feb;18(2):525-41. Resumen

133. Rabinovici GD, Gatsonis C, Apgar C, et al. Association of amyloid positron emission tomography with subsequent change in clinical management among Medicare beneficiaries with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. JAMA. 2019 Apr 2;321(13):1286-94.Texto completo  Resumen

134. Ossenkoppele R, Jansen WJ, Rabinovici GD, et al. Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in dementia syndromes: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015 May 19;313(19):1939-49.Texto completo  Resumen

135. Stone J, Burton C, Carson A. Recognising and explaining functional neurological disorder. BMJ. 2020 Oct 21;371:m3745. Resumen

136. Brown RJ, Reuber M. Psychological and psychiatric aspects of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): a systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Apr;45:157-82. Resumen

137. Binder LM, Campbell KA. Medically unexplained symptoms and neuropsychological assessment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2004 May;26(3):369-92. Resumen

138. Jack CR Jr, Andrews JS, Beach TG, et al. Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease: Alzheimer's Association Workgroup. Alzheimers Dement. 2024 Aug;20(8):5143-69.Texto completo  Resumen

139. Montine TJ, Phelps CH, Beach TG, et al; National Institute on Aging; Alzheimer’s Association. National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease: a practical approach. Acta Neuropathol. 2012 Jan;123(1):1-11.Texto completo  Resumen

140. Patnode CD, Perdue LA, Rossom RC, et al. Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: updated evidence report and systematic seview for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2020 Feb 25;323(8):764-85.Texto completo  Resumen

141. Miller DK, Morley JE, Rubenstein LZ, et al. Formal geriatric assessment instruments and the care of older general medical outpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990 Jun;38(6):645-51. Resumen

142. Foster NL, Bondi MW, Das R, et al. Quality improvement in neurology: mild cognitive impairment quality measurement set. Neurology. 2019 Oct 15;93(16):705-713.Texto completo  Resumen

143. Davis DH, Creavin ST, Yip JL, et al. Montreal cognitive assessment for the detection of dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jul 13;7(7):CD010775.Texto completo  Resumen

144. Pinto TCC, Machado L, Bulgacov TM, et al. Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening superior to the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the elderly? Int Psychogeriatr. 2019 Apr;31(4):491-504.Texto completo  Resumen

145. Wang X, Li F, Zhu H, et al. A hierarchical bayesian latent class model for the diagnostic performance of mini-mental state examination and Montreal cognitive assessment in screening mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2022;9(4):589-600.Texto completo  Resumen

146. Dawes P, Reeves D, Yeung WK, et al. Development and validation of the Montreal cognitive assessment for people with hearing impairment (MoCA-H). J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 May;71(5):1485-94.Texto completo  Resumen

147. Lim S, Chong S, Min D, et al. Alzheimer's disease screening tools for Asian Americans: a scoping review. J Appl Gerontol. 2021 Oct;40(10):1389-98.Texto completo  Resumen

148. Ortega LFV, Aprahamian I, Borges MK, et al. Screening for Alzheimer's disease in low-educated or illiterate older adults in Brazil: a systematic review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2019 May 13;77(4):279-88.Texto completo  Resumen

149. Arévalo SP, Kress J, Rodriguez FS. Validity of cognitive assessment tools for older adult hispanics: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Apr;68(4):882-8.Texto completo  Resumen

150. Fazio S, Pace D, Maslow K, et al. Alzheimer's Association dementia care practice recommendations. Gerontologist. 2018 Jan 18;58(Suppl 1):S1-9. Resumen

151. Costanzo MC, Arcidiacono C, Rodolico A, et al. Diagnostic and interventional implications of telemedicine in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a literature review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020 Jan;35(1):12-28. Resumen

152. Chiong W, Tsou AY, Simmons Z, et al. Ethical considerations in dementia diagnosis and care: AAN position statement. Neurology. 2021 Jul 13;97(2):80-9.Texto completo  Resumen

153. Chien LY, Chu H, Guo JL, et al. Caregiver support groups in patients with dementia: a meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011 Oct;26(10):1089-98. Resumen

154. Taylor LP, Besbris JM, Graf WD, et al. Clinical guidance in neuropalliative care: an AAN position statement. Neurology. 2022 Mar 8;98(10):409-16.Texto completo

155. Walsh SC, Murphy E, Devane D, et al. Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Sep 28;9:CD011513.Texto completo  Resumen

156. Graff MJ, Vernooij-Dassen MJ, Thijssen M, et al. Effects of community occupational therapy on quality of life, mood, and health status in dementia patients and their caregivers: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007 Sep;62(9):1002-9. Resumen

157. Graff MJ, Adang EM, Vernooij-Dassen MJ, et al. Community occupational therapy for older patients with dementia and their care givers: cost effectiveness study. BMJ. 2008 Jan 19;336(7636):134-8.Texto completo  Resumen

158. Liang Y, Wang L. Alzheimer's disease is an important risk factor of fractures: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Mol Neurobiol. 2017 Jul;54(5):3230-5. Resumen

159. Epstein NU, Guo R, Farlow MR, et al. Medication for Alzheimer's disease and associated fall hazard: a retrospective cohort study from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Drugs Aging. 2014 Feb;31(2):125-9.Texto completo  Resumen

160. Thurman DJ, Stevens JA, Rao JK, et al. Practice parameter: assessing patients in a neurology practice for risk of falls (an evidence-based review): report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008 Feb 5;70(6):473-9.Texto completo  Resumen

161. Birks J. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jan 25;(1):CD005593.Texto completo  Resumen

162. Lim AWY, Schneider L, Loy C. Galantamine for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 Nov 5;11(11):CD001747.Texto completo  Resumen

163. McShane R, Westby MJ, Roberts E, et al. Memantine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 20;(3):CD003154.Texto completo  Resumen

164. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Jun 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

165. Majidazar R, Rezazadeh-Gavgani E, Sadigh-Eteghad S, et al. Pharmacotherapy of alzheimer's disease: an overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Oct;78(10):1567-87. Resumen

166. Renn BN, Asghar-Ali AA, Thielke S, et al. A systematic review of practice guidelines and recommendations for discontinuation of cholinesterase inhibitors in dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;26(2):134-47.Texto completo  Resumen

167. Parsons C, Lim WY, Loy C, et al. Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Feb 3;2(2):CD009081.Texto completo  Resumen

168. Aronson S, Van Baelen B, Kavanagh S, et al. Optimal dosing of galantamine in patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease: post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Drugs Aging. 2009;26(3):231-9. Resumen

169. Blesa R, Toriyama K, Ueda K, et al. Strategies for continued successful treatment in patients with alzheimer's disease: an overview of switching between pharmacological agents. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2018;15(10):964-74.Texto completo  Resumen

170. Gauthier S, Lopez OL, Waldemar G, et al. Effects of donepezil on activities of daily living: integrated analysis of patient data from studies in mild, moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr. 2010 Sep;22(6):973-83. Resumen

171. Blesa R, Ballard C, Orgogozo JM, et al. Caregiver preference for rivastigmine patches versus capsules for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2007 Jul 24;69(4 Suppl 1):S23-8. Resumen

172. Birks JS, Chong LY, Grimley Evans J. Rivastigmine for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 22;(9):CD001191.Texto completo  Resumen

173. Sadowsky CH, Dengiz A, Olin JT, et al. Switching from donepezil tablets to rivastigmine transdermal patch in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2009 Jun-Jul;24(3):267-75. Resumen

174. Mueller C, Perera G, Hayes RD, et al. Associations of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment with reduced mortality in Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective survival analysis. Age Ageing. 2018 Jan 1;47(1):88-94.Texto completo  Resumen

175. Vaci N, Koychev I, Kim CH, et al. Real-world effectiveness, its predictors and onset of action of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in dementia: retrospective health record study. Br J Psychiatry. 2020 Jul 27;1-7. Resumen

176. Birks JS, Harvey RJ. Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jun 18;(6):CD001190.Texto completo  Resumen

177. Farlow MR, Salloway S, Tariot PN, et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of high-dose (23 mg/d) versus standard-dose (10 mg/d) donepezil in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind study. Clin Ther. 2010 Jul;32(7):1234-51.Texto completo  Resumen

178. Chen R, Chan PT, Chu H, et al. Treatment effects between monotherapy of donepezil versus combination with memantine for Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 21;12(8):e0183586.Texto completo  Resumen

179. Liang JH, Xu Y, Lin L, et al. Comparison of multiple interventions for older adults with Alzheimer disease or mild cognitive impairment: a PRISMA-compliant network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 May;97(20):e10744.Texto completo  Resumen

180. Panza GA, Taylor BA, MacDonald HV, et al. Can exercise improve cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018 Mar;66(3):487-95. Resumen

181. Forbes D, Forbes SC, Blake CM, et al. Exercise programs for people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 15;(4):CD006489.Texto completo  Resumen

182. Woods B, Aguirre E, Spector AE, et al. Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Feb 15;(2):CD005562.Texto completo  Resumen

183. Kudlicka A, Martyr A, Bahar-Fuchs A, et al. Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 29;6(6):CD013388.Texto completo  Resumen

184. Liang JH, Li JY, Jia RX, et al. Comparison of cognitive intervention strategies for older adults with mild to moderate alzheimer's disease: a bayesian meta-analytic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019 Mar;20(3):347-55.Texto completo  Resumen

185. Carrion C, Folkvord F, Anastasiadou D, et al. Cognitive therapy for dementia patients: a systematic review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2018;46(1-2):1-26.Texto completo  Resumen

186. Bahar-Fuchs A, Martyr A, Goh AM, et al. Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 25;(3):CD013069.Texto completo  Resumen

187. Oltra-Cucarella J, Ferrer-Cascales R, Clare L, et al. Differential effects of cognition-focused interventions for people with Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychology. 2018 Sep;32(6):664-79. Resumen

188. Smallfield S, Heckenlaible C. Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions to enhance occupational performance for adults with Alzheimer's disease and related major neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review. Am J Occup Ther. 2017 Sep/Oct;71(5):7105180010p1-7105180010p9. Resumen

189. Egan MB, Bérubé D, Racine G, et al. Methods to enhance verbal communication between individuals with Alzheimer's disease and their formal and informal caregivers: a systematic review. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2010 Jun 3;2010.Texto completo  Resumen

190. Bleibel M, El Cheikh A, Sadier NS, et al. The effect of music therapy on cognitive functions in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2023 Mar 27;15(1):65.Texto completo  Resumen

191. van der Steen JT, van der Wouden JC, Methley AM, et al. Music-based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025 Mar 7;3(3):CD003477.Texto completo  Resumen

192. Woods B, O'Philbin L, Farrell EM, et al. Reminiscence therapy for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 1;(3):CD001120.Texto completo  Resumen

193. Duan Y, Lu L, Chen J, et al. Psychosocial interventions for Alzheimer's disease cognitive symptoms: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2018 Aug 7;18(1):175.Texto completo  Resumen

194. Neal M, Briggs M, et al. Validation therapy for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD001394.Texto completo  Resumen

195. Campbell KM, Coleman CK, Williams K. Responses of persons living with dementia to caregiver validating communication: a secondary analysis. Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2024 Feb 13;38(1):28-42.Texto completo  Resumen

196. Erdmann A, Schnepp W. Conditions, components and outcomes of integrative validation therapy in a long-term care facility for people with dementia: a qualitative evaluation study. Dementia (London). 2016 Sep;15(5):1184-204. Resumen

197. Jaturapatporn D, Isaac MG, McCleery J, et al. Aspirin, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Feb 15;(2):CD006378.Texto completo  Resumen

198. Farina N, Llewellyn D, Isaac MGEKN, et al. Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 18;(4):CD002854.Texto completo  Resumen

199. McCleery J, Abraham RP, Denton DA, et al. Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Nov 1;(11):CD011905.Texto completo  Resumen

200. Birks J, Grimley Evans J. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD003120.Texto completo  Resumen

201. Thancharoen O, Limwattananon C, Waleekhachonloet O, et al. Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb761), Cholinesterase Inhibitors, and Memantine for the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis. Drugs Aging. 2019 May;36(5):435-52. Resumen

202. Liao Z, Cheng L, Li X, et al. Meta-analysis of ginkgo biloba preparation for the treatment of alzheimer's disease. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2020 Jul/Aug;43(4):93-9. Resumen

203. Peters ME, Schwartz S, Han D, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms as predictors of progression to severe Alzheimer's dementia and death: the Cache County Dementia Progression Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 May;172(5):460-5. Resumen

204. Russ TC, Parra MA, Lim AE, et al. Prediction of general hospital admission in people with dementia: cohort study. Br J Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;206(2):153-9. Resumen

205. Zhao QF, Tan L, Wang HF, et al. The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016 Jan 15;190:264-71. Resumen

206. Mühlbauer V, Möhler R, Dichter MN, et al. Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 17;12(12):CD013304.Texto completo  Resumen

207. Leung DKY, Chan WC, Spector A, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy symptoms across dementia stages: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021 Sep;36(9):1330-44. Resumen

208. Maresova P, Tomsone S, Lameski P, et al. Technological solutions for older people with alzheimer's disease: review. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2018;15(10):975-83.Texto completo  Resumen

209. Aini N, Chen R, Chu H, et al. The effects of light therapy on sleep, depression, neuropsychiatric behaviors, and cognition among people living with dementia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2024 Jun;32(6):681-706. Resumen

210. Wilfling D, Calo S, Dichter MN, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 3;1(1):CD011881.Texto completo  Resumen

211. Benca R, Herring WJ, Khandker R, et al. Burden of insomnia and sleep disturbances and the impact of sleep treatments in patients with probable or possible alzheimer's disease: a structured literature review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;86(1):83-109.Texto completo  Resumen

212. Zang L, Liu X, Li Y, et al. The effect of light therapy on sleep disorders and psychobehavioral symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2023;18(12):e0293977.Texto completo  Resumen

213. Mittelman MS, Haley WE, Clay OJ, et al. Improving caregiver well-being delays nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2006 Nov 14;67(9):1592-9. Resumen

214. Lins S, Hayder-Beichel D, Rücker G, et al. Efficacy and experiences of telephone counselling for informal carers of people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 1;(9):CD009126.Texto completo  Resumen

215. Konno R, Kang HS, Makimoto K. A best-evidence review of intervention studies for minimizing resistance-to-care behaviours for older adults with dementia in nursing homes. J Adv Nurs. 2014 Oct;70(10):2167-80.Texto completo  Resumen

216. Orgeta V, Leung P, Del-Pino-Casado R, et al. Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Apr 25;4(4):CD009125.Texto completo  Resumen

217. Bell G, Baou CE, Saunders R, et al. Effectiveness of primary care psychological therapy services for the treatment of depression and anxiety in people living with dementia: evidence from national healthcare records in England. EClinicalMedicine. 2022 Oct;52:101692.Texto completo  Resumen

218. Watt JA, Goodarzi Z, Veroniki AA, et al. Comparative efficacy of interventions for reducing symptoms of depression in people with dementia: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2021 Mar 24;372:n532.Texto completo  Resumen

219. Brasure M, Jutkowitz E, Fuchs E, et al. Nonpharmacologic interventions for agitation and aggression in dementia: comparative effectiveness reviews, no. 177. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2016.Texto completo  Resumen

220. Watt JA, Goodarzi Z, Veroniki AA, et al. Comparative efficacy of interventions for aggressive and agitated behaviors in dementia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Nov 5;171(9):633-42. Resumen

221. Leng M, Zhao Y, Wang Z. Comparative efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions on agitation in people with dementia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2020 Feb;102:103489. Resumen

222. Möhler R, Calo S, Renom A, et al. Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long-term care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Mar 13;3(3):CD009812.Texto completo  Resumen

223. Cummings J, Lanctot K, Grossberg G, et al. Progress in pharmacologic management of neuropsychiatric syndromes in neurodegenerative disorders: a review. JAMA Neurol. 2024 Jun 1;81(6):645-53. Resumen

224. Cummings J, Sano M, Auer S, et al. Reduction and prevention of agitation in persons with neurocognitive disorders: an international psychogeriatric association consensus algorithm. Int Psychogeriatr. 2024 Apr;36(4):251-62.Texto completo  Resumen

225. Rodda J, Morgan S, Walker Z. Are cholinesterase inhibitors effective in the management of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer's disease? A systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled trials of donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine. Int Psychogeriatr. 2009 Oct;21(5):813-24. Resumen

226. d'Angremont E, Begemann MJH, van Laar T, et al. Cholinesterase inhibitors for treatment of psychotic symptoms in alzheimer disease and parkinson disease: a meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2023 Aug 1;80(8):813-23.Texto completo  Resumen

227. Bago Rožanković P, Rožanković M, Badžak J, et al. Impact of donepezil and memantine on behavioral and psychological symptoms of alzheimer disease: six-month open-label study. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2021 Dec 2;34(4):288-94. Resumen

228. Magierski R, Sobow T, Schwertner E, et al. Pharmacotherapy of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: state of the art and future progress. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 31;11:1168.Texto completo  Resumen

229. Dudas R, Malouf R, McCleery J, et al. Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 31;(8):CD003944.Texto completo  Resumen

230. Sepehry AA, Lee PE, Hsiung GY, et al. Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease with comorbid depression: a meta-analysis of depression and cognitive outcomes. Drugs Aging. 2012 Oct;29(10):793-806. Resumen

231. An H, Choi B, Park KW, et al. The effect of escitalopram on mood and cognition in depressive alzheimer's disease subjects. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;55(2):727-35. Resumen

232. Zhang J, Zheng X, Zhao Z. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy outcomes of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurol. 2023 May 31;23(1):210.Texto completo  Resumen

233. He Y, Li H, Huang J, et al. Efficacy of antidepressant drugs in the treatment of depression in Alzheimer disease patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol. 2021 Aug;35(8):901-9. Resumen

234. McCleery J, Sharpley AL. Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 15;(11):CD009178.Texto completo  Resumen

235. Javed B, Javed A, Kow CS, et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for sleep disturbances in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Neurother. 2023 Jun;23(6):501-14.Texto completo  Resumen

236. Seitz DP, Adunuri N, Gill SS, et al. Antidepressants for agitation and psychosis in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Feb 16;(2):CD008191.Texto completo  Resumen

237. Porsteinsson AP, Drye LT, Pollock BG, et al; CitAD Research Group. Effect of citalopram on agitation in Alzheimer disease: the CitAD randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014 Feb 19;311(7):682-91.Texto completo  Resumen

238. Leonpacher AK, Peters ME, Drye LT, et al; CitAD Research Group. Effects of citalopram on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's dementia: evidence from the CitAD study. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 May 1;173(5):473-80. Resumen

239. Schneider LS, Frangakis C, Drye LT, et al; CitAD Research Group. Heterogeneity of treatment response to citalopram for patients with Alzheimer's disease with aggression or agitation: the CitAD randomized clinical trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 May 1;173(5):465-72. Resumen

240. Tariot PN, Erb R, Podgorski CA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of carbamazepine for agitation and aggression in dementia. Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Jan;155(1):54-61.Texto completo  Resumen

241. Watt JA, Gomes T, Bronskill SE, et al. Comparative risk of harm associated with trazodone or atypical antipsychotic use in older adults with dementia: a retrospective cohort study. CMAJ. 2018 Nov 26;190(47):E1376-83.Texto completo  Resumen

242. López-Pousa S, Garre-Olmo J, Vilalta-Franch J, et al. Trazodone for Alzheimer's disease: a naturalistic follow-up study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2008 Sep-Oct;5;47(2):207-15. Resumen

243. Frederiksen KS, Cooper C, Frisoni GB, et al. A European Academy of Neurology guideline on medical management issues in dementia. Eur J Neurol. 2020 Oct;27(10):1805-20.Texto completo  Resumen

244. Caraci F, Santagati M, Caruso G, et al. New antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of agitation and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease: focus on brexpiprazole and pimavanserin. F1000Res. 2020 Jul 8:9:F1000 Faculty Rev-686.Texto completo  Resumen

245. Grossberg GT, Kohegyi E, Mergel V, et al. Efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole for the treatment of agitation in alzheimer's dementia: two 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020 Apr;28(4):383-400.Texto completo  Resumen

246. Lee D, Slomkowski M, Hefting N, et al. Brexpiprazole for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer dementia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2023 Dec 1;80(12):1307-16.Texto completo  Resumen

247. British National Formulary. Advice of Royal College of Psychiatrists on doses of antipsychotic drugs above BNF upper limit [internet publication].Texto completo

248. Wang J, Yu JT, Wang HF, et al. Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015 Jan;86(1):101-9. Resumen

249. Huang YY, Teng T, Giovane CD, et al. Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2023 Jun 1;52(6):afad091.Texto completo  Resumen

250. Zivkovic S, Koh CH, Kaza N, et al. Antipsychotic drug use and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2019 Jun 20;19(1):189.Texto completo  Resumen

251. Reus VI, Fochtmann LJ, Eyler AE, et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline on the use of antipsychotics to treat agitation or psychosis in patients with dementia. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 May 1;173(5):543-6.Texto completo  Resumen

252. Ihl R, Frölich L, Winblad B, et al; WFSBP Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the biological treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Feb;12(1):2-32.Texto completo  Resumen

253. Sampson EL, Candy B, Jones L. Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15;(2):CD007209.Texto completo  Resumen

254. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dementia: assessment, management and support for people living with dementia and their carers. Jun 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

255. Vachon M, Veilleux MC, Macoir J. Promoting the maintenance of satisfactory communication: strategies used by caregivers and medical staff with people suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2017 Jun 1;15(2):185-95. Resumen

256. Small G, Dubois B. A review of compliance to treatment in Alzheimer's disease: potential benefits of a transdermal patch. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Nov;23(11):2705-13. Resumen

257. Grossberg GS, Sadowsky C, Olin JT. Rivastigmine transdermal system for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Int J Clin Practice. 2010 Apr;64(5):651-60. Resumen

258. Darreh-Shori T, Jelic V. Safety and tolerability of transdermal and oral rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2010 Jan;9(1):167-76. Resumen

259. Atri A, Rountree SD, Lopez OL, et al. Validity, significance, strengths, limitations, and evidentiary value of real-world clinical data for combination therapy in Alzheimer's disease: comparison of efficacy and effectiveness studies. Neurodegener Dis. 2012;10(1-4):170-4. Resumen

260. Winblad B, Wimo A, Engedal K, et al. 3- year study of donepezil therapy in Alzheimer's disease: effects of early and continuous therapy. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2006;21(5-6):353-63. Resumen

261. Teri L, Gibbons LE, McCurry SM, et al. Exercise plus behavioral management in patients with Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003 Oct 15;290(15):2015-22.Texto completo  Resumen

262. Orgeta V, Qazi A, Spector A, et al. Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2015 Oct;207(4):293-8.Texto completo  Resumen

263. Kales HC, Valenstein M, Kim HM, et al. Mortality risk in patients with dementia treated with antipsychotics versus other psychiatric medications. Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;164(10):1568-76. Resumen

264. Wang PS, Schneeweiss S, Avorn J, et al. Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications. N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 1;353(22):2335-41.Texto completo  Resumen

265. Cheung G, Stapelberg J. Quetiapine for the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): a meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. N Z Med J. 2011 Jun 10;124(1336):39-50. Resumen

266. Schneider-Thoma J, Efthimiou O, Huhn M, et al. Second-generation antipsychotic drugs and short-term mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018 Aug;5(8):653-63. Resumen

267. McCurry SM, Gibbons LE, Logsdon RG, et al. Nighttime insomnia treatment and education for Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 May;53(5):793-802. Resumen

268. Mitolo M, Tonon C, La Morgia C, et al. Effects of light treatment on sleep, cognition, mood, and behavior in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2018;46(5-6):371-84.Texto completo  Resumen

269. Ayalon L, Gum AM, Feliciano L, et al. Effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions for the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Nov 13;166(20):2182-8.Texto completo  Resumen

270. van Dyck CH, Swanson CJ, Aisen P, et al. Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jan 5;388(1):9-21.Texto completo  Resumen

271. Cummings J, Apostolova L, Rabinovici GD, et al. Lecanemab: appropriate use recommendations. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2023;10(3):362-77.Texto completo  Resumen

272. Hampel H, Elhage A, Cho M, et al. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA): radiological, biological and clinical characteristics. Brain. 2023 Nov 2;146(11):4414-24.Texto completo  Resumen

273. Honig LS, Sabbagh MN, van Dyck CH, et al. Updated safety results from phase 3 lecanemab study in early Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024 May 10;16(1):105.Texto completo  Resumen

274. Reish NJ, Jamshidi P, Stamm B, et al. Multiple cerebral hemorrhages in a patient receiving lecanemab and treated with t-PA for stroke. N Engl J Med. 2023 Feb 2;388(5):478-9. Resumen

275. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of subcutaneous lecanemab in healthy participants. Jan 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

276. ClinicalTrials.gov. AHEAD 3-45 Study: A study to evaluate efficacy and safety of treatment with lecanemab in participants with preclinical alzheimer's disease and elevated amyloid and also in participants with early preclinical alzheimer's disease and intermediate amyloid. Jan 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

277. Rashad A, Rasool A, Shaheryar M, et al. Donanemab for alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of clinical trials. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Dec 22;11(1):32.Texto completo  Resumen

278. Sims JR, Zimmer JA, Evans CD, et al. Donanemab in early symptomatic alzheimer disease: the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023 Aug 8;330(6):512-27.Texto completo  Resumen

279. Zimmer JA, Ardayfio P, Wang H, et al. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with donanemab in early symptomatic alzheimer disease: secondary analysis of the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ and ALZ 2 randomized clinical trials. JAMA Neurol. 2025 Mar 10:e250065.Texto completo  Resumen

280. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study to assess the effects of ACI-24.060 in Alzheimer's disease and in Down syndrome (ABATE study). Jun 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

281. Brody M, Agronin M, Herskowitz BJ, et al. Results and insights from a phase I clinical trial of lomecel-B for alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2023 Jan;19(1):261-73.Texto completo  Resumen

282. ClinicalTrials.gov. Lomecel-B effects on alzheimer's disease (CLEARMIND). Feb 2024 [internet pubication].Texto completo

283. Zúñiga CH, Acosta BI, Menchaca R, et al. Treatment of alzheimer's disease subjects with expanded non-genetically modified autologous natural killer cells (SNK01): a phase I study. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2025 Feb 12;17(1):40.Texto completo  Resumen

284. ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical study of SNK01 in participants with moderate Alzheimer's disease. Jun 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

285. Lee CW, Chen JY, Ko CC, et al. Efficacy of methylphenidate for the treatment of apathy in patients with alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2022 Dec;239(12):3743-53.Texto completo  Resumen

286. Azhar L, Kusumo RW, Marotta G, et al. Pharmacological management of apathy in dementia. CNS Drugs. 2022 Feb;36(2):143-65. Resumen

287. Tseng PT, Chen YW, Zeng BY, et al. The beneficial effect on cognition of noninvasive brain stimulation intervention in patients with dementia: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2023 Jan 25;15(1):20.Texto completo  Resumen

288. Šimko P, Kent JA, Rektorova I. Is non-invasive brain stimulation effective for cognitive enhancement in Alzheimer's disease? An updated meta-analysis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2022 Dec;144:23-40.Texto completo  Resumen

289. Teselink J, Bawa KK, Koo GK, et al. Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation on global cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Ageing Res Rev. 2021 Dec;72:101499. Resumen

290. Isik AT, Erken N, Yavuz I, et al. Orthostatic hypotension in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Neurol Sci. 2022 Feb;43(2):999-1006. Resumen

291. Perry E, Walton K, Lambert K. Prevalence of malnutrition in people with dementia in long-term care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2023 Jun 28;15(13):2927.Texto completo  Resumen

292. Volkert D, Chourdakis M, Faxen-Irving G, et al. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in dementia. Clin Nutr. 2015 Dec;34(6):1052-73. Resumen

293. Iverson DJ, Gronseth GS, Reger MA, et al. Practice parameter update: evaluation and management of driving risk in dementia: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2010 Apr 20;74(16):1316-24.Texto completo  Resumen

294. Royal College of Psychiatrists. Driving with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: consensus guidelines for clinicians. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

295. Chiong W, Tolchin BD, Bonnie RJ, et al. Decisions with patients and families regarding aducanumab in Alzheimer disease, with recommendations for consent. AAN Position Statement. Neurology. 2022 Jan 25;98(4):154-9.Texto completo  Resumen

El uso de este contenido está sujeto a nuestra cláusula de exención de responsabilidad