Hipertermia maligna

Hopkins PM, Girard T, Dalay S, et al. Malignant hyperthermia 2020: guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2021 May;76(5):655-64.Texto completo  Resumo

Larach MG, Dirksen SJ, Belani KG, et al; Society for Ambulatory Anesthesiology; Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States; Ambulatory Surgery Foundation; Society for Academic Emergency Medicine; National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians. Special article: Creation of a guide for the transfer of care of the malignant hyperthermia patient from ambulatory surgery centers to receiving hospital facilities. Anesth Analg. 2012;114:94-100.Texto completo  Resumo

Rüffert H, Bastian B, Bendixen D, et al. Consensus guidelines on perioperative management of malignant hyperthermia suspected or susceptible patients from the European Malignant Hyperthermia Group. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Jan;126(1):120-30.Texto completo  Resumo

European Malignant Hyperthermia Group​. Recognising and managing a malignant hyperthermia crisis (v2024). Nov 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

Litman RS, Smith VI, Larach MG, et al. Consensus statement of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States on unresolved clinical questions concerning the management of patients with malignant hyperthermia. Anesth Analg. 2019 Apr;128(4):652-9. Resumo

1. Hopkins PM, Girard T, Dalay S, et al. Malignant hyperthermia 2020: guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2021 May;76(5):655-64.Texto completo  Resumo

2. Larach MG, Dirksen SJ, Belani KG, et al; Society for Ambulatory Anesthesiology; Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States; Ambulatory Surgery Foundation; Society for Academic Emergency Medicine; National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians. Special article: Creation of a guide for the transfer of care of the malignant hyperthermia patient from ambulatory surgery centers to receiving hospital facilities. Anesth Analg. 2012;114:94-100.Texto completo  Resumo

3. Sagui E, Montigon C, Abriat A, et al. Is there a link between exertional heat stroke and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia? PLoS One. 2015 Aug 10;10(8):e0135496.Texto completo  Resumo

4. Litman RS, Flood CD, Kaplan RF, et al. Postoperative malignant hyperthermia: an analysis of cases from the North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry. Anesthesiology. 2008 Nov;109(5):825-9. Resumo

5. Riazi S, Larach MG, Hu C, et al. Malignant hyperthermia in Canada: characteristics of index anesthetics in 129 malignant hyperthermia susceptible probands. Anesth Analg. 2014 Feb;118(2):381-7. Resumo

6. Larach MG, Gronert GA, Allen GC, et al. Clinical presentation, treatment, and complications of malignant hyperthermia in North America from 1987 to 2006. Anesth Analg. 2010 Feb 1;110(2):498-507.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Rosenberg H, Pollock N, Schiemann A, et al. Malignant hyperthermia: a review. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2015 Aug 4;10:93.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Tobin JR, Jason DR, Challa VR, et al. Malignant hyperthermia and apparent heat stroke. JAMA. 2001 Jul 11;286(2):168-9. Resumo

9. Lavezzi WA, Capacchione JF, Muldoon SM, et al. Case report: death in the emergency department: an unrecognized awake malignant hyperthermia-like reaction in a six-year-old. Anesth Analg. 2013 Feb;116(2):420-3. Resumo

10. Parness J. Hot on the trail of "I know it when I see it!". Anesth Analg. 2014 Feb;118(2):243-6. Resumo

11. Davis M, Brown R, Dickson A, et al. Malignant hyperthermia associated with exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis or congenital abnormalities and a novel RYR1 mutation in New Zealand and Australian pedigrees. Br J Anaesth. 2002 Apr;88(4):508-15.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Groom L, Muldoon SM, Tang ZZ, et al. Identical de novo mutation in the type 1 ryanodine receptor gene associated with fatal, stress-induced malignant hyperthermia in two unrelated families. Anesthesiology. 2011 Nov;115(5):938-45. Resumo

13. Brown RL, Pollock AN, Couchman KG, et al. A novel ryanodine receptor mutation and genotype-phenotype correlation in a large malignant hyperthermia New Zealand Maori pedigree. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Jun 12;9(10):1515-24.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Brandom BW, Muldoon SM. Unexpected MH deaths without exposure to inhalation anesthetics in pediatric patients. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013 Sep;23(9):851-4. Resumo

15. Chamley D, Pollock NA, Stowell KM, et al. Malignant hyperthermia in infancy and identification of novel RYR1 mutation. Br J Anaesth. 2000 Apr;84(4):500-4.Texto completo  Resumo

16. Ording H. Incidence of malignant hyperthermia in Denmark. Anesth Analg. 1985 Jul;64(7):700-4. Resumo

17. Monnier N, Krivosic-Horber R, Payen JF, et al. Presence of two different genetic traits in malignant hyperthermia families: implications for genetics analysis, diagnosis, and incidence of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Anesthesiology. 2002 Nov;97(5):1067-74. Resumo

18. Ibarra MCA, Wu S, Murayama K, et al. Malignant hyperthermia in Japan: mutation screening of the entire ryanodine receptor type 1 gene coding region by direct sequencing. Anesthesiology. 2006 Jun;104(6):1146-54. Resumo

19. Brandom BW, Bina S, Wong CA, et al. Ryanodine receptor type 1 gene variants in the malignant hyperthermia-susceptible population of the United States. Anesth Analg. 2013 May;116(5):1078-86.Texto completo  Resumo

20. Gonsalves SG, Ng D, Johnston JJ, et al; NISC Comparative Sequencing Program. Using exome data to identify malignant hyperthermia susceptibility mutations. Anesthesiology. 2013 Nov;119(5):1043-53.Texto completo  Resumo

21. Mungunsukh O, Deuster P, Muldoon S, et al. Estimating prevalence of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility through population genomics data. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Sep;123(3):e461-3.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Kraeva N, Riazi S, Loke J, et al. Ryanodine receptor type 1 gene mutations found in the Canadian malignant hyperthermia population. Can J Anaesth. 2011 Jun;58(6):504-13.Texto completo  Resumo

23. Chan B, Chen SP, Wong WC, et al. RYR1-related central core myopathy in a Chinese adolescent boy. Hong Kong Med J. 2011 Feb;17(1):67-70.Texto completo  Resumo

24. Gillies RL, Bjorksten AR, Du Sart D, et al. Analysis of the entire ryanodine receptor type 1 and alpha 1 subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor (CACNA1S) coding regions for variants associated with malignant hyperthermia in Australian families. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015 Mar;43(2):157-66. Resumo

25. Sambuughin N, Holley H, Muldoon S, et al. Screening of the entire ryanodine receptor type 1 coding region for sequence variants associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in the North American population. Anesthesiology. 2005 Mar;102(3):515-21. Resumo

26. Levano S, Vukcevic M, Singer M, et al. Increasing the number of diagnostic mutations in malignant hyperthermia. Human Mutat. 2009 Apr;30(4):590-8. Resumo

27. Sumitani M, Uchida K, Yasunaga H, et al. Prevalence of malignant hyperthermia and relationship with anesthetics in Japan: data from the diagnosis procedure combination database. Anesthesiology. 2011 Jan;114(1):84-90. Resumo

28. Visoiu M, Young MC, Wieland K, et al. Anesthetic drugs and onset of malignant hyperthermia. Anesth Analg. 2014 Feb;118(2):388-96. Resumo

29. Butala B, Brandom B. Muscular body build and male sex are independently associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Can J Anaesth. 2017 Apr;64(4):396-401. Resumo

30. Ibarra Moreno CA, Hu S, Kraeva N, et al. An Assessment of Penetrance and Clinical Expression of Malignant Hyperthermia in Individuals Carrying Diagnostic Ryanodine Receptor 1 Gene Mutations. Anesthesiology. 2019 Nov;131(5):983-991.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Migita T, Mukaida K, Kobayashi M, et al. The severity of sevoflurane-induced malignant hyperthermia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Mar;56(3):351-6. Resumo

32. Carsana A. Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis and stress-induced malignant hyperthermia events, association with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, and RYR1 gene sequence variations. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:531465.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Klingler W, Heiderich S, Girard T, et al. Functional and genetic characterization of clinical malignant hyperthermia crises: a multi-centre study. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014 Jan 16;9:8.Texto completo  Resumo

34. Brislin RP, Theroux MC. Core myopathies and malignant hyperthermia susceptibility: a review. Paediatr Anaesth.2013 Sep;23(9):834-41. Resumo

35. Joseph MR, Theroux MC, Mooney JJ, et al. Intraoperative presentation of malignant hyperthermia (confirmed by RYR1 gene mutation, c.7522C>T; p.R2508C) leads to diagnosis of King-Denborough syndrome in a child with hypotonia and dysmorphic features: a case report. A A Case Rep. 2017 Feb 1;8(3):55-7. Resumo

36. Timmins MA, Rosenberg H, Larach MG, et al. Malignant hyperthermia testing in probands without adverse anesthetic reaction. Anesthesiology. 2015 Sep;123(3):548-56. Resumo

37. Hirshey Dirksen SJ, Larach MG, Rosenberg H, et al. Future directions in malignant hyperthermia research and patient care. Anesth Analg. 2011 Nov;113(5):1108-19.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Fill M, Coronado R, Mickelson JR, et al. Abnormal ryanodine receptor channels in malignant hyperthermia. Biophys J. 1990 Mar;57(3):471-5.Texto completo  Resumo

39. Laver DR, Owen VJ, Junankar PR, et al. Reduced inhibitory effect of Mg2+ on ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels in malignant hyperthermia. Biophys J. 1997 Oct;73(4):1913-24.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Durham WJ, Aracena-Parks P, Long C, et al. RyR1 S-nitrosylation underlies environmental heat stroke and sudden death in Y522S RyR1 knockin mice. Cell. 2008 Apr 4;133(1):53-65. Resumo

41. Chelu MG, Goonasekera SA, Durham WJ, et al. Heat- and anesthesia-induced malignant hyperthermia in an RyR1 knock-in mouse. FASEB. 2006 Feb;20(2):329-30. Resumo

42. Zhao X, Min CK, Ko JK, et al. Increased store-operated Ca2+ entry in skeletal muscle with reduced calsequestrin-1 expression. Biophys J. 2010 Sep 8;99(5):1556-64.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Horstick EJ, Linsley JW, Dowling JJ, et al. Stac3 is a component of the excitation-contraction coupling machinery and mutated in Native American myopathy. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1952.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Telegrafi A, Webb BD, Robbins SM, et al. Identification of STAC3 variants in non-Native American families with overlapping features of Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome and Moebius syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2017 Oct;173(10):2763-71. Resumo

45. Lopez JR, Allen PD, Alamo L, et al. Myoplasmic free [Ca2+] during a malignant hyperthermia episode in swine. Muscle Nerve. 1988 Jan;11(1):82-8. Resumo

46. Ohta T, Endo M, Nakano T, et al. Ca-induced Ca release in malignant hyperthermia-susceptible pig skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol. 1989 Feb;256(2 Pt 1):C358-67. Resumo

47. Ryan JF, Lopez JR, Sanchez VB, et al. Myoplasmic calcium changes precede metabolic and clinical signs of porcine malignant hyperthermia. Anesth Analg. 1994 Nov;79(5):1007-11. Resumo

48. Bouchama A, Knochel JP. Heat stroke. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jun 20;346(25):1978-88. Resumo

49. Rosenberg H. Mining for mutations in malignant hyperthermia. Anesth Analg. 2011 Nov;113(5):975-6.Texto completo  Resumo

50. Beebe D, Puram VV, Gajic S, et al. Genetics of malignant hyperthermia: a brief update. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Oct-Dec;36(4):552-5.Texto completo  Resumo

51. Landau ME, Kenney K, Deuster P, et al. Exertional rhabdomyolysis: a clinical review with a focus on genetic influences. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2012 Mar;13(3):122-36. Resumo

52. Zhao X, Song Q, Gao Y. Hypothesis: exertional heat stroke-induced myopathy and genetically inherited malignant hyperthermia represent the same disorder, the human stress syndrome. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2014 Nov;70(2):1325-9. Resumo

53. Kraeva N, Sapa A, Dowling JJ, et al. Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in patients with exertional rhabdomyolysis: a retrospective cohort study and updated systematic review. Can J Anaesth. 2017 Jul;64(7):736-743.Texto completo  Resumo

54. Larach MG, Brandom BW, Allen GC, et al. Malignant hyperthermia deaths related to inadequate temperature monitoring, 2007-2012: a report from the North American malignant hyperthermia registry of the malignant hyperthermia association of the United States. Anesth Analg. 2014 Dec;119(6):1359-66. Resumo

55. Shafer SL, Dexter F, Brull SJ. Deadly heat: economics of continuous temperature monitoring during general anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2014 Dec;119(6):1235-7. Resumo

56. Nelson P, Litman RS. Malignant hyperthermia in children: an analysis of the North American malignant hyperthermia registry. Anesth Analg. 2014 Feb;118(2):369-74. Resumo

57. Müller-Wirtz LM, Godsch C, Sessler DI, et al. Residual volatile anesthetics after workstation preparation and activated charcoal filtration. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2020 Jul;64(6):759-65.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Rüffert H, Bastian B, Bendixen D, et al. Consensus guidelines on perioperative management of malignant hyperthermia suspected or susceptible patients from the European Malignant Hyperthermia Group. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Jan;126(1):120-30.Texto completo  Resumo

59. Larach MG, Localio AR, Allen GC, et al. A clinical grading scale to predict MH susceptibility. Anesthesiology. 1994 Apr;80(4):771-9. Resumo

60. Hopkins PM, Rüffert H, Snoeck MM, et al. European Malignant Hyperthermia Group guidelines for investigation of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Br J Anaesth. 2015 Oct;115(4):531-9.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Herlich A. Perioperative temperature elevation: not all hyperthermia is malignant hyperthermia. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013 Sep;23(9):842-50. Resumo

62. Smith JP, Sutcliffe OB, Banks CE. An overview of recent developments in the analytical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs). Analyst. 2015 Aug 7;140(15):4932-48.Texto completo  Resumo

63. Lopez RJ, Byrne S, Vukcevic M, et al. An RYR1 mutation associated with malignant hyperthermia is also associated with bleeding abnormalities. Sci Signal. 2016 Jul 5;9(435):ra68. Resumo

64. Robinson RL, Anetseder MJ, Brancadoro V, et al. Recent advances in the diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility: how confident can we be of genetic testing? Eur J Human Genet. 2003 Apr;11(4):342-8.Texto completo  Resumo

65. Stowell KM. DNA testing for malignant hyperthermia: the reality and the dream. Anesth Analg. 2014 Feb;118(2):397-406. Resumo

66. Riazi S, Kraeva N, Hopkins PM. Malignant Hyperthermia in the Post-Genomics Era: New Perspectives on an Old Concept. Anesthesiology. 2018 Jan;128(1):168-180.Texto completo  Resumo

67. van den Bersselaar LR, Hellblom A, Gashi M, et al. Referral indications for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility diagnostics in patients without adverse anesthetic events in the era of next-generation sequencing. Anesthesiology. 2022 Jun 1;136(6):940-53.Texto completo  Resumo

68. Metterlein T, Schuster F, Kranke P, et al. In-vitro contracture testing for susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia: can halothane be replaced? Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Apr;28(4):251-5. Resumo

69. Islander G, Twetman ER. Comparison between the European and North American protocols for diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in humans. Anesth Analg. 1999 May;88(5):1155-60.Texto completo  Resumo

70. Girard T, Treves S, Voronkov E, et al. Molecular genetic testing for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Anesthesiology. 2004 May;100(5):1076-80. Resumo

71. Schiemann AH, Paul N, Parker R, et al. Functional characterization of 2 known ryanodine receptor mutations causing malignant hyperthermia. Anesth Analg. 2014 Feb;118(2):375-80. Resumo

72. Kaufmann A, Kraft B, Michalek-Sauberer A, et al. Novel double and single ryanodine receptor 1 variants in two Austrian malignant hyperthermia families. Anesth Analg. 2012 May;114(5):1017-25. Resumo

73. Gronert GA, Tobin JR, Muldoon S. Malignant hyperthermia: human stress triggering. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Dec;1813(12):2191-2. Resumo

74. Schütte JK, Becker S, Burmester S, et al. Comparison of the therapeutic effectiveness of a dantrolene sodium solution and a novel nanocrystalline suspension of dantrolene sodium in malignant hyperthermia normal and susceptible pigs. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Apr;28(4):256-64. Resumo

75. Newmark JL, Voelkel M, Brandom BW, et al. Delayed onset of malignant hyperthermia without creatine kinase elevation in a geriatric, ryanodine receptor type 1 gene compound heterozygous patient. Anesthesiology. 2007 Aug;107(2):350-3. Resumo

76. Allen GC, Larach MG, Kunselman AR, and the North American MH Registry of MHAUS. The sensitivity and specificity of the caffeine-halothane contracture test. Anesthesiology. 1998 Mar;88(3):579-88. Resumo

77. Ording H, Brancadoro V, Cozzolino S, et al. In vitro contracture test for diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia following the protocol of the European MH Group: results of testing patients surviving fulminant MH and unrelated low-risk subjects. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997 Sep;41(8):955-66. Resumo

78. Martyn JA, Richtsfeld M. Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia in acquired pathologic states: etiologic factors and molecular mechanisms. Anesthesiology. 2006 Jan;104(1):158-69. Resumo

79. Sun-Edelstein C, Tepper SJ, Shapiro RE. Drug-induced serotonin syndrome: a review. Expert Opin Drug Safety. 2008 Sep;7(5):587-96. Resumo

80. Perry PJ, Wilborn CA. Serotonin syndrome vs neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a contrast of causes, diagnoses, and management. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012 May;24(2):155-62. Resumo

81. Paden MS, Franjic L, Halcomb SE. Hyperthermia caused by drug interactions and adverse reactions. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2013 Nov;31(4):1035-44. Resumo

82. Gurrera RJ, Caroff SN, Cohen A, et al. An international consensus study of neuroleptic malignant syndrome diagnostic criteria using the Delphi method. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Sep;72(9):1222-8. Resumo

83. Shailesh Kumar MV, Carr RJ, Komanduri V, et al. Differential diagnosis of thyroid crisis and malignant hyperthermia in an anesthetized porcine model. Endocr Res. 1999 Feb;25(1):87-103. Resumo

84. Grunau BE, Wiens MO, Brubacher JR. Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review. CJEM. 2010 Sep;12(5):435-42. Resumo

85. Sykutera M, Cychowska M, Bloch-Boguslawska E. A fatal case of pentedrone and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone poisoning. J Anal Toxicol. 2015 May;39(4):324-9. Resumo

86. Larach MG; North American Malignant Hyperthermia Group. Standardization of the caffeine-halothane muscle contracture test. Anesth Analg. 1989 Oct;69(4):511-5. Resumo

87. Kim TW, Nemergut ME. Preparation of modern anesthesia workstations for malignant hyperthermia-susceptible patients: a review of past and present practice. Anesthesiology. 2011 Jan;114(1):205-12.Texto completo  Resumo

88. Cottron N, Larcher C, Sommet A, et al. The sevoflurane washout profile of seven recent anesthesia workstations for malignant hyperthermia-susceptible adults and infants: a bench test study. Anesth Analg. 2014 Jul;119(1):67-75. Resumo

89. Block FE Jr. Malignant hyperthermia and charcoal absorbent: too hot to handle. Anesth Analg. 2011 Jun;112(6):1270-1. Resumo

90. Bilmen JG, Gillies RI. Clarifying the role of activated charcoal filters in preparing an anaesthetic workstation for malignant hyperthermia-susceptible patients. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2014 Jan;42(1):51-8. Resumo

91. Yu H, Tan L, Deng X. Improving dantrolene mobilization in regions with limited availability. Anesthesiology. 2024 Jun 1;140(6):1201-2.Texto completo

92. Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States. Managing a crisis. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

93. European Malignant Hyperthermia Group​. Recognising and managing a malignant hyperthermia crisis (v2024). Nov 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

94. Kang BJ, Song J, Kim SK, et al. A suspected case of malignant hyperthermia that was successfully treated with dantrolene administration via nasogastric tube. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2012 Oct;63(4):378-80.Texto completo  Resumo

95. Litman RS, Smith VI, Larach MG, et al. Consensus statement of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States on unresolved clinical questions concerning the management of patients with malignant hyperthermia. Anesth Analg. 2019 Apr;128(4):652-9. Resumo

96. Fang S, Xu H, Zhu Y, et al. Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration for massive rhabdomyolysis after malignant hyperthermia: report of 2 cases. Anesth Prog. 2013 Spring;60(1):21-4.Texto completo  Resumo

97. Migita T, Mukaida K, Yasuda T, et al. Calcium channel blockers are inadequate for malignant hyperthermia crisis. J Anesth. 2012 Aug;26(4):579-84. Resumo

98. Burkman JM, Posner KL, Domino KB. Analysis of the clinical variables associated with recrudescence after malignant hyperthermia reactions. Anesthesiology. 2007 May;106(5):901-6. Resumo

99. Brandom BW, Kang A, Sivak EL, et al. Update on dantrolene in the treatment of anesthetic induced malignant hyperthermia. SOJ Anesthesiol Pain Manag. 2015 Apr 20;2(2):1-6.Texto completo

100. Butala BN, Kang A, Guron J, et al. Long term oral dantrolene improved muscular symptoms in a malignant hyperthermia susceptible Individual. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2016 Mar 3;3(1):115-9. Resumo

101. Brown CV, Rhee P, Chan L, et al. Preventing renal failure in patients with rhabdomyolysis: do bicarbonate and mannitol make a difference? J Trauma. 2004 Jun;56(6):1191-6. Resumo

102. Zimmerman JL, Shen MC. Rhabdomyolysis. Chest. 2013 Sep;144(3):1058-1065. Resumo

103. Werneid K, Brandom B. Survey of long-term sequelae in survivors of a malignant hyperthermia reaction. Open J Anesthesiol. 2016 Jan:6(1);1-7.Texto completo

104. Larach MG, Brandom BW, Allen GC, et al. Cardiac arrests and deaths associated with malignant hyperthermia in North America from 1987 to 2006: a report from the North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States. Anesthesiology. 2008 Apr;108(4):603-11. Resumo

105. European Malignant Hyperthermia Group. Perioperative management of known or suspected MHS. Jan 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

106. Urman RD, Rajan N, Belani K, et al. Malignant hyperthermia-susceptible adult patient and ambulatory surgery center: Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia and Ambulatory Surgical Care Committee of the American Society of Anesthesiologists position statement. Anesth Analg. 2019 Aug;129(2):347-9.Texto completo  Resumo

107. European Malignant Hyperthermia Group. Preparation of anaesthetic workstations for MH suspected or susceptible patients. February 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

108. Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States. Preparing the anesthesia machine for MHS patients [internet publication].Texto completo