Ambliopia

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Amblyopia PPP 2022 - updated 2024. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.Texto completo  Resumo

US Preventive Services Task Force; Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, et al. Vision screening in children ages 6 months to 5 years: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2017 Sep 5;318(9):836-44.Texto completo  Resumo

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus summary benchmarks - 2024. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

1. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Amblyopia PPP 2022 - updated 2024. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

2. World Health Organization. ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics. Jan 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

3. Ip JM, Robaei D, Rochtchina E, et al. Prevalence of eye disorders in young children with eyestrain complaints. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Sep;142(3):495-7. Resumo

4. Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study Group. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in African American and Hispanic children ages 6 to 72 months: the multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease study. Ophthalmology. 2008 Jul;115(7):1229-36.e1. Resumo

5. Attebo K, Mitchell P, Cumming R, et al. Prevalence and causes of amblyopia in an adult population. Ophthalmology. 1998 Jan;105(1):154-9. Resumo

6. Shaw DE, Fielder AR, Minshull C, et al. Amblyopia: factors influencing age of presentation. Lancet. 1988 Jul 23;2(8604):207-9. Resumo

7. Fu Z, Hong H, Su Z, et al. Global prevalence of amblyopia and disease burden projections through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020 Aug;104(8):1164-70. Resumo

8. Friedman DS, Repka MX, Katz J, et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in white and African American children aged 6 through 71 months the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology. 2009 Nov;116(11):2128-34.e1-2.Texto completo  Resumo

9. Fazal O, Slopen N, Galbraith AA, et al. Sociodemographic disparities in uncorrectable visual impairment among US adolescents. Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 May;273:248-54. Resumo

10. Gopal SKS, Kelkar J, Kelkar A, et al. Simplified updates on the pathophysiology and recent developments in the treatment of amblyopia: a review. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019 Sep;67(9):1392-9.Texto completo  Resumo

11. Daw NW. Critical periods and amblyopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 Apr;116(4):502-5.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Hu B, Liu Z, Zhao J, et al. The global prevalence of amblyopia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:819998.Texto completo  Resumo

13. Pascual M, Huang J, Maguire MG, et al. Risk factors for amblyopia in the vision in preschoolers study. Ophthalmology. 2014 Mar;121(3):622-9.e1.Texto completo  Resumo

14. American Academy of Opthalmology. ​Types of Amblyopia. Oct 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

15. Hashemi H, Pakzad R MSc, Yekta A, et al. Global and regional estimates of prevalence of amblyopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Strabismus. 2018 Dec;26(4):168-83. Resumo

16. Barrett BT, Bradley A, Candy TR. The relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2013 Sep;36:120-58.Texto completo  Resumo

17. American Academy of Opthalmology. Anisometropic amblyopia. Jun 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

18. Harvey EM. Development and treatment of astigmatism-related amblyopia. Optom Vis Sci. 2009 Jun;86(6):634-9.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Dobson V, Miller JM, Harvey EM, et al. Amblyopia in astigmatic preschool children. Vision Res. 2003 Apr;43(9):1081-90.Texto completo  Resumo

20. Hensch TK, Quinlan EM. Critical periods in amblyopia. Vis Neurosci. 2018 Jan;35:E014.Texto completo  Resumo

21. Arnold RW, Donahue SP, Silbert DI, et al. AAPOS uniform guidelines for instrument-based pediatric vision screen validation 2021. J AAPOS. 2022 Feb;26(1):1.e1-1.e6.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Fieß A, Dautzenberg K, Gißler S, et al. Prevalence of strabismus and risk factors in adults born preterm with and without retinopathy of prematurity: results from the Gutenberg Prematurity Eye study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2024 Oct 22;108(11):1590-7.Texto completo  Resumo

23. O'Connor AR, Wilson CM, Fielder AR. Ophthalmological problems associated with preterm birth. Eye. 2007 Oct;21(10):1254-60. Resumo

24. Chen TC, Tsai TH, Shih YF, et al. Long-term evaluation of refractive status and optical components in eyes of children born prematurely. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Dec;51(12):6140-8.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Fieß A, Gißler S, Hartmann A, et al. Visual acuity, amblyopia and refractive error in preterm children with and without retinopathy of prematurity - results from the Gutenberg Prematurity Study Young (GPSY). Acta Ophthalmol. 2025 May 28.Texto completo  Resumo

26. Cao Y, Wang Y, Li B, et al. Analysis of risk factors associated with the high incidence of amblyopia in preterm infants at the corrected gestational age of 12 months. BMC Pediatr. 2023 Mar 25;23(1):136.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Al-Damri A, Alotaibi HM. Congenital cataracts in preterm infants: a review. Cureus. 2023 Jun;15(6):e40378.Texto completo  Resumo

28. Williams C, Northstone K, Howard M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for common vision problems in children: data from the ALSPAC study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;92(7):959-64. Resumo

29. Shah S, Torner J, Mehta A. Prevalence of amblyogenic risk factors in siblings of patients with accommodative esotropia. J AAPOS. 2008 Oct;12(5):487-9. Resumo

30. Abrahamsson M, Magnusson G, Sjostrand J. Inheritance of strabismus and the gain of using heredity to determine populations at risk of developing strabismus. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999 Dec;77(6):653-7. Resumo

31. Hegde V, Jain R, Bappal A, et al. Ocular manifestations in children with developmental delay at a tertiary center in South India. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2021 Jan-Mar;35(1):1-4.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.Texto completo  Resumo

33. UK National screening Committee. Child screening programme: vision defects. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

34. US Preventive Services Task Force; Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, et al. Vision screening in children ages 6 months to 5 years: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2017 Sep 5;318(9):836-44.Texto completo  Resumo

35. UK National Screening Committee. Child vision screening. Sep 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

36. Toufeeq A, Oram AJ. School-entry vision screening in the United Kingdom: practical aspects and outcomes. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2014 Aug;21(4):210-6. Resumo

37. Solebo AL, Cumberland PM, Rahi JS. Whole-population vision screening in children aged 4-5 years to detect amblyopia. Lancet. 2015 Jun 6;385(9984):2308-19. Resumo

38. Bertsch M, Floyd M, Kehoe T, et al. The clinical evaluation of infantile nystagmus: what to do first and why. Ophthalmic Genet. 2017 Jan-Feb;38(1):22-33.Texto completo  Resumo

39. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Diagnostic pathway following child vision screening. May 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

40. Donahue SP, Baker CN, Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, et al. Procedures for the evaluation of the visual system by pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2016 Jan;137(1):e20153597.Texto completo  Resumo

41. ​American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; American Academy of Ophthalmology. Joint policy statement: vision screening for infants and children. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

42. Levi DM, Knill DC, Bavelier D. Stereopsis and amblyopia: a mini-review. Vision Res. 2015 Sep;114:17-30.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Zhao L, Wu H. The difference in stereoacuity testing: contour-based and random dot-based graphs at far and near distances. Ann Transl Med. 2019 May;7(9):193.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Dahal M, Dahal HN, Gautam P, et al. Pattern visual evoked potential and foveal sensitivity in amblyopia. Doc Ophthalmol. 2023 Oct;147(2):109-19. Resumo

45. Yap TP, Luu CD, Suttle CM, et al. Characterising the orientation-specific pattern-onset visual evoked potentials in children with bilateral refractive amblyopia and non-amblyopic controls. Doc Ophthalmol. 2021 Apr;142(2):197-211. Resumo

46. Zheng X, Xu G, Zhi Y, et al. Objective and quantitative assessment of interocular suppression in strabismic amblyopia based on steady-state motion visual evoked potentials. Vision Res. 2019 Nov;164:44-52.Texto completo  Resumo

47. Jang J, Kyung SE. Assessing amblyopia treatment using multifocal visual evoked potentials. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018 Aug 13;18(1):196.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Chung W, Hong S, Lee JB, et al. Pattern visual evoked potential as a predictor of occlusion therapy for amblyopia. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2008 Dec;22(4):251-4.Texto completo  Resumo

49. McCullough S, Saunders K. Visual profile of children who passed or failed the UK school vision screening protocol. Br Ir Orthopt J. 2019 Mar 26;15(1):36-46.Texto completo  Resumo

50. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus summary benchmarks - 2024. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

51. Chen PL, Chen JT, Tai MC, et al. Anisometropic amblyopia treated with spectacle correction alone: possible factors predicting success and time to start patching. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jan;143(1):54-60. Resumo

52. Cotter SA, Edwards AR, Wallace DK, et al. Treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in children with refractive correction. Ophthalmology. 2006 Jun;113(6):895-903.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Stewart CE, Moseley MJ, Fielder AR, et al; MOTAS Cooperative. Refractive adaptation in amblyopia: quantification of effect and implications for practice. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Dec;88(12):1552-6.Texto completo  Resumo

54. Writing Committee for the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group; Cotter SA, Foster NC, Holmes JM, et al. Optical treatment of strabismic and combined strabismic-anisometropic amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jan;119(1):150-8.Texto completo  Resumo

55. Clarke MP, Wright CM, Hrisos S, et al. Randomised controlled trial of treatment of unilateral visual impairment detected at preschool vision screening. BMJ. 2003 Nov 29;327(7426):1251.Texto completo  Resumo

56. Hernández-Andrés R, Luque MJ, Serrano MÁ, et al. Factors affecting the benefit of glasses alone in treating childhood amblyopia: an analysis of PEDIG data. BMC Ophthalmol. 2023 Sep 28;23(1):396.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Proudlock FA, Hisaund M, Maconachie G, et al. Extended optical treatment versus early patching with an intensive patching regimen in children with amblyopia in Europe (EuPatch): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2024 May 4;403(10438):1766-78.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Maconachie GD, Farooq S, Bush G, et al. Association between adherence to glasses wearing during amblyopia treatment and improvement in visual acuity. J AMA Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 1;134(12):1347-53. Resumo

59. Kim SJ, Jeon H, Jung JH, et al. Comparison between over-glasses patching and adhesive patching for children with moderate amblyopia: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018 Feb;256(2):429-37. Resumo

60. Awan M, Proudlock FA, Gottlob I. A randomized controlled trial of unilateral strabismic and mixed amblyopia using occlusion dose monitors to record compliance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Apr;46(4):1435-9.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Stewart CE, Stephens DA, Fielder AR, et al. Objectively monitored patching regimens for treatment of amblyopia: randomised trial. BMJ. 2007 Oct 6;335(7622):707.Texto completo  Resumo

62. Stewart CE, Moseley MJ, Stephens DA, et al. Treatment dose-response in amblyopia therapy: the Monitored Occlusion Treatment of Amblyopia Study (MOTAS). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Sep;45(9):3048-54.Texto completo  Resumo

63. White E, Walsh L. The impact of occlusion therapy and predictors on amblyopia dose-response relationship. Strabismus. 2022 Jun;30(2):78-89. Resumo

64. Repka MX, Beck RW, Holmes JM, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of patching regimens for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 May;121(5):603-11. Resumo

65. Wallace DK, Edwards AR, Cotter SA, et al. A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children. Ophthalmology. 2006 Jun;113(6):904-12.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Tjiam AM, Holtslag G, Van Minderhout HM, et al. Randomised comparison of three tools for improving compliance with occlusion therapy: an educational cartoon story, a reward calendar, and an information leaflet for parents. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013 Jan;251(1):321-9. Resumo

67. Pradeep A, Proudlock FA, Awan M, et al. An educational intervention to improve adherence to high-dosage patching regimen for amblyopia: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;98(7):865-70. Resumo

68. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of atropine vs. patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 Mar;120(3):268-78. Resumo

69. Repka MX, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al. A randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia: follow-up at age 10 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Aug;126(8):1039-44. Resumo

70. Li T, Qureshi R, Taylor K. Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Aug 28;8(8):CD006460.Texto completo  Resumo

71. Repka MX, Cotter SA, Beck RW, et al. A randomized trial of atropine regimens for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Ophthalmology. 2004 Nov;111(11):2076-85. Resumo

72. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Pharmacological plus optical penalization treatment for amblyopia: results of a randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Jan;127(1):22-30. Resumo

73. Tejedor J, Ogallar C. Comparative efficacy of penalization methods in moderate to mild amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Mar;145(3):562-9. Resumo

74. Repka MX, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine: results from two randomized clinical trials. J AAPOS. 2009 Jun;13(3):258-63.Texto completo  Resumo

75. Holmes JM, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of prescribed patching regimens for treatment of severe amblyopia in children. Ophthalmology. 2003 Nov;110(11):2075-87. Resumo

76. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of near versus distance activities while patching for amblyopia in children aged 3 to less than 7 years. Ophthalmology. 2008 Nov;115(11):2071-8. Resumo

77. Wang S, Wen W, Zhu W, et al. Effect of combined atropine and patching vs patching alone for treatment of severe amblyopia in children aged 3 to 12 years: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep 1;139(9):990-6.Texto completo  Resumo

78. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) Writing Committee; Wallace DK, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al. Randomized trial to evaluate combined patching and atropine for residual amblyopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 Jul;129(7):960-2.Texto completo  Resumo

79. Wallace DK, Chandler DL, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Oct;144(4):487-96.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Birch EE, Cheng C, Stager DR Jr, et al. The critical period for surgical treatment of dense congenital bilateral cataracts. J AAPOS. 2009 Feb;13(1):67-71. Resumo

81. Birch EE, Stager DR. The critical period for surgical treatment of dense congenital unilateral cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996 Jul;37(8):1532-8.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Wallace DK, Lazar EL, Holmes JM, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of increasing patching for amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2013 Nov;120(11):2270-7.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Hakim, OM, Gaber El-Hag Y, Samir A. Silicone-eyelid closure to improve vision in deeply amblyopic eyes. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2010;47(3):157-62. Resumo

84. Arnold RW, Armitage MD, Limstrom SA. Sutured protective occluder for severe amblyopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;126(7):891-5. Resumo

85. West S, Williams C. Amblyopia in children (aged 7 years or less). BMJ Clin Evid. 2016 Jan 5;2016:0709.Texto completo  Resumo

86. Holmes JM, Lazar EL, Melia BM, et al. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Effect of age on response to amblyopia treatment in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov;129(11):1451-7.Texto completo  Resumo

87. Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Beck RW, et al. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Apr;123(4):437-47. Resumo

88. Hertle RW, Scheiman MM, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Stability of visual acuity improvement following discontinuation of amblyopia treatment in children aged 7 to 12 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007 May;125(5):655-9.Texto completo  Resumo

89. Osborne DC, Greenhalgh KM, Evans MJE, et al. Atropine penalization versus occlusion therapies for unilateral amblyopia after the critical period of visual development: a systematic review. Ophthalmol Ther. 2018 Dec;7(2):323-32.Texto completo  Resumo

90. Menon V, Shailesh G, Sharma P, et al. Clinical trial of patching versus atropine penalization for the treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in older children. J AAPOS. 2008 Oct;12(5):493-7. Resumo

91. Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Kraker RT, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Patching vs atropine to treat amblyopia in children aged 7 to 12 years: a randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Dec;126(12):1634-42.Texto completo  Resumo

92. Daoud YJ, Hutchinson A, Wallace DK, et al. Refractive surgery in children: treatment options, outcomes, and controversies. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Apr;147(4):573-82. Resumo

93. Simons K, Preslan M. Natural history of amblyopia untreated owing to lack of compliance. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999 May;83(5):582-7.Texto completo  Resumo

94. Cavuoto KM, Chang MY, Heidary G, et al. Effectiveness of laser refractive surgery to address anisometropic amblyogenic refractive error in children: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2022 Nov;129(11):1323-31.Texto completo  Resumo

95. Tychsen L, Hoekel J, Ghasia F, et al. Phakic intraocular lens correction of high ametropia in children with neurobehavioral disorders. J AAPOS. 2008 Jun;12(3):282-9. Resumo

96. Ali A, Packwood E, Lueder G, et al. Unilateral lens extraction for high anisometropic myopia in children and adolescents. J AAPOS. 2007 Apr;11(2):153-8. Resumo

97. Pirouzian A, Ip KC. Anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation in children to treat severe anisometropic myopia and amblyopia: 3-year clinical results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010 Sep;36(9):1486-93. Resumo

98. Alió JL, Wolter NV, Piñero DP, et al. Pediatric refractive surgery and its role in the treatment of amblyopia: meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. J Refract Surg. 2011 May;27(5):364-74. Resumo

99. Xiao S, Angjeli E, Wu HC, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a dichoptic digital therapeutic for amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2022 Jan;129(1):77-85.Texto completo  Resumo

100. ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical data registry of amblyopia patients on luminopia treatment. Sep 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

101. Roda M, Pellegrini M, Di Geronimo N, et al. Binocular treatment for amblyopia: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0257999.Texto completo  Resumo

102. Thompson B, Mansouri B, Koski L, et al. Brain plasticity in the adult: modulation of function in amblyopia with rTMS. Curr Biol. 2008 Jul 22;18(14):1067-71. Resumo

103. Lin Y, Cai K. Transcranial magnetic stimulation-based neuroplasticity in the treatment of amblyopia. J Neurosci Methods. 2025 Jul;419:110464. Resumo

104. Householder N, Simonyan A, Park W, et al. Electromagnetic stimulation for amblyopia: a systematic review of emerging techniques and their efficacy. Vision Res. 2025 Jun 6;234:108639. Resumo

105. Tuna AR, Pinto N, Fernandes A, et al. Can repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation influence the visual cortex of adults with amblyopia? - systematic review. Clin Exp Optom. 2024 Sep;107(7):691-7. Resumo

106. Rahi JS, Logan S, Borja MC, et al. Prediction of improved vision in the amblyopic eye after visual loss in the non-amblyopic eye. Lancet. 2002 Aug 24;360(9333):621-2. Resumo

107. Wilson ME. Adult amblyopia reversed by contralateral cataract formation. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1992 Mar-Apr;29(2):100-2. Resumo

108. Tommila V, Tarkkanen A. Incidence of loss of vision in the healthy eye in amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1981 Aug;65(8):575-7.Texto completo  Resumo

109. van Leeuwen R, Eijkemans MJ, Vingerling JR, et al. Risk of bilateral visual impairment in individuals with amblyopia: the Rotterdam study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 Nov;91(11):1450-1. Resumo

110. Awan M, Proudlock FA, Grosvenor D, et al. An audit of the outcome of amblyopia treatment: a retrospective analysis of 322 children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010 Aug;94(8):1007-11. Resumo

111. Wallace DK, Lazar EL, Melia M, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Stereoacuity in children with anisometropic amblyopia. J AAPOS. 2011 Oct;15(5):455-61.Texto completo  Resumo

112. Repka MX, Wallace DK, Beck RW, et al. Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Feb;123(2):149-57. Resumo

113. Holmes JM, Beck RW, Kraker RT, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Risk of amblyopia recurrence after cessation of treatment. J AAPOS. 2004 Oct;8(5):420-8. Resumo

114. Walsh LA, Hahn EK, LaRoche GR. The method of treatment cessation and recurrence rate of amblyopia. Strabismus. 2009 Sep;17(3):107-16. Resumo

115. Tims C. Difficulties with patching. In: Taylor D, Hoyt CS, eds. Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus, 3rd ed. Edinburgh, UK: Elsevier Saunders; 2005:1103-5.

116. Loudon SE, Fronius M, Looman CW, et al. Predictors and a remedy for noncompliance with amblyopia therapy in children measured with the occlusion dose monitor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Oct;47(10):4393-400.Texto completo  Resumo

117. Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision rehabilitation preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.Texto completo  Resumo

118. Holmes JM, Manh VM, Lazar EL, et al. Effect of a binocular iPad game vs part-time patching in children aged 5 to 12 years with amblyopia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 1;134(12):1391-400. Resumo

119. Manh VM, Holmes JM, Lazar EL, et al. A randomized trial of a binocular iPad game versus part-time patching in children aged 13 to 16 years with amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018 Feb;186:104-15. Resumo

120. Gao TY, Guo CX, Babu RJ, et al. Effectiveness of a binocular video game vs placebo video game for improving visual functions in older children, teenagers, and adults with amblyopia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018 Feb 1;136(2):172-81. Resumo

121. Pineles SL, Aakalu VK, Hutchinson AK, et al. Binocular treatment of amblyopia: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2020 Feb;127(2):261-72.Texto completo  Resumo

122. Tailor V, Ludden S, Bossi M, et al. Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to eight years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Feb 7;2(2):CD011347.Texto completo  Resumo