Fraturas das costelas

American College of Surgeons. Best practices guidelines: management of chest wall injuries. Nov 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: rib fractures. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

American College of Surgeons. ACS trauma quality programs: best practices guidelines for acute pain management in trauma patients. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

Kasotakis G, Hasenboehler EA, Streib EW, et al. Operative fixation of rib fractures after blunt trauma: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Mar;82(3):618-26.Texto completo  Resumo

Pieracci FM, Majercik S, Ali-Osman F, et al. Consensus statement: surgical stabilization of rib fractures rib fracture colloquium clinical practice guidelines. Injury. 2017 Feb;48(2):307-21. Resumo

1. Abdelsattar ZM, Ishitani MB, Kim BD. Surgical stabilization of rib fractures in a 6-year-old child after blunt trauma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017 Dec;104(6):e439-441.Texto completo  Resumo

2. Burkow J, Holste G, Otjen J, et al. High sensitivity methods for automated rib fracture detection in pediatric radiographs. Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 10;14(1):8372.Texto completo  Resumo

3. Darling SE, Done SL, Friedman SD, et al. Frequency of intrathoracic injuries in children younger than 3 years with rib fractures. Pediatr Radiol. 2014 Oct;44(10):1230-6. Resumo

4. Barsness KA, Cha ES, Bensard DD, et al. The positive predictive value of rib fractures as an indicator of nonaccidental trauma in children. J Trauma. 2003 Jun;54(6):1107-10. Resumo

5. Cadzow SP, Armstrong KL. Rib fractures in infants: red alert! The clinical features, investigations and child protection outcomes. J Paediatr Child Health. 2000 Aug;36(4):322-6. Resumo

6. Paine CW, Fakeye O, Christian CW, et al. Prevalence of abuse among young children with rib fractures: a systematic review. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019 Feb;35(2):96-103.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Brennan B, Henry MK, Altaffer A, et al. Prevalence of abuse and additional injury in young children with rib fractures as their presenting injury. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021 Dec 1;37(12):e1451-6. Resumo

8. Feldman KW. Rib fractures: elusive, but important. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 Nov;2(11):769-70.Texto completo

9. Maguire SA, Kemp AM, Lumb RC, et al. Estimating the probability of abusive head trauma: a pooled analysis. Pediatrics. 2011 Sep;128(3):e550-64. Resumo

10. Sanchez TR, Grasparil AD, Chaudhari R, et al. Characteristics of rib fractures in child abuse-the role of low-dose chest computed tomography. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2018 Feb;34(2):81-3. Resumo

11. Kriss S, Thompson A, Bertocci G, et al. Characteristics of rib fractures in young abused children. Pediatr Radiol. 2020 May;50(5):726-33. Resumo

12. Barber I, Perez-Rossello JM, Wilson CR, et al. The yield of high-detail radiographic skeletal surveys in suspected infant abuse. Pediatr Radiol. 2015 Jan;45(1):69-80. Resumo

13. Haney S, Scherl S, DiMeglio L, et al. Evaluating young children with fractures for child abuse: clinical report. Pediatrics. 2025 Feb 1;155(2):e2024070074.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Bulloch B, Schubert CJ, Brophy PD, et al. Cause and clinical characteristics of rib fractures in infants. Pediatrics. 2000 Apr;105(4):E48. Resumo

15. Högberg U, Thiblin I. Rib fractures in infancy, case-series and register case-control study from Sweden. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar 26;34(3):363-72. Resumo

16. Sharma OP, Oswanski MF, Jolly S, et al. Perils of rib fractures. Am Surg. 2008 Apr;74(4):310-4. Resumo

17. Sirmali M, Türüt H, Topçu S, et al. A comprehensive analysis of traumatic rib fractures: morbidity, mortality and management. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Jul;24(1):133-8.Texto completo  Resumo

18. Ekestubbe L, Forssten MP, Cao Y, et al. Morbidity prediction in conservatively managed rib fracture patients. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2025 Apr 29;51(1):184.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Siris ES, Brenneman SK, Barrett-Connor E, et al. The effect of age and bone mineral density on the absolute, excess, and relative risk of fracture in postmenopausal women aged 50-99: results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA). Osteoporos Int. 2006;17(4):565-74. Resumo

20. Palvanen M, Kannus P, Niemi S, et al. Epidemiology of minimal trauma rib fractures in the elderly. Calcif Tissue Int. 1998 Mar;62(3):274-7. Resumo

21. Holcomb JB, McMullin NR, Kozar RA, et al. Morbidity from rib fractures increases after age 45. J Am Coll Surg. 2003 Apr;196(4):549-55. Resumo

22. Marini CP, Petrone P, Soto-Sánchez A, et al. Predictors of mortality in patients with rib fractures. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2021 Oct;47(5):1527-34. Resumo

23. Keel M, Meier C. Chest injuries - what is new? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2007 Dec;13(6):674-9. Resumo

24. Liman ST, Kuzucu A, Tastepe AI, et al. Chest injury due to blunt trauma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Mar;23(3):374-8.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Pettiford BL, Luketich JD, Landreneau RJ. The management of flail chest. Thorac Surg Clin. 2007 Feb;17(1):25-33. Resumo

26. Peek J, Ochen Y, Saillant N, et al. Traumatic rib fractures: a marker of severe injury. A nationwide study using the National Trauma Data Bank. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2020;5(1):e000441.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Prins JTH, Van Lieshout EMM, Van Wijck SFM, et al. Chest wall injuries due to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the effect on in-hospital outcomes in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021 Dec 1;91(6):966-75. Resumo

28. Kralj E, Podbregar M, Kejžar N, et al. Frequency and number of resuscitation related rib and sternum fractures are higher than generally considered. Resuscitation. 2015 Aug;93:136-41.Texto completo  Resumo

29. Hoke RS, Chamberlain D. Skeletal chest injuries secondary to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2004 Dec;63(3):327-38. Resumo

30. Badawy M, Solomon N, Elsayes KM, et al. Nonaccidental injury in the elderly: what radiologists need to know. Radiographics. 2022 Sep-Oct;42(5):1358-76.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Kavak RP, Özdemir M. Radiological appearance of physical elder abuse. Eur Geriatr Med. 2019 Dec;10(6):871-8. Resumo

32. Xu DL, Zhang XT, Wang GH, et al. Clinical features of pathologically confirmed metastatic bone tumors: a report of 390 cases [in Chinese]. Ai Zheng. 2005 Nov;24(11):1404-7. Resumo

33. Aydoğdu K, Findik G, Agackiran Y, et al. Primary tumors of the ribs; experience with 78 patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2009 Aug;9(2):251-4.Texto completo  Resumo

34. Muñoz-Bermúdez R, Abella E, Zuccarino F, et al. Successfully non-surgical management of flail chest as first manifestation of multiple myeloma: a case report. World J Crit Care Med. 2019 Sep 11;8(5):82-6.Texto completo  Resumo

35. Dragoni S, Giombini A, Di Cesare A, et al. Stress fractures of the ribs in elite competitive rowers: a report of nine cases. Skeletal Radiol. 2007 Oct;36(10):951-4. Resumo

36. Kawahara H, Baba H, Wada M, et al. Multiple rib fractures associated with severe coughing - a case report. Int Orthop. 1997;21(4):279-81.Texto completo  Resumo

37. Low S, Kern M, Atanda A. First-rib stress fracture in two adolescent swimmers: a case report. J Sports Sci. 2015 Nov 5;34(13):1266-70. Resumo

38. Gerrie BJ, Harris JD, Lintner DM, et al. Lower thoracic rib stress fractures in baseball pitchers. Phys Sportsmed. 2015 Nov 26;44(1):93-6. Resumo

39. Smoljanović T, Bojanić I, Troha I, et al. Rib stress fractures in rowers: three case reports and review of literature [in Croatian]. Lijec Vjesn. 2007 Oct-Nov;129(10-11):327-32. Resumo

40. Gupta A, Jamshidi M, Rubin JR. Traumatic first rib fracture: is angiography necessary? A review of 730 cases. Cardiovasc Surg. 1997 Feb;5(1):48-53. Resumo

41. Poole GV. Fracture of the upper ribs and injury to the great vessels. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1989 Sep;169(3):275-82. Resumo

42. Sammy IA, Chatha H, Lecky F, et al. Are first rib fractures a marker for other life-threatening injuries in patients with major trauma? a cohort study of patients on the UK Trauma Audit and Research Network database. Emerg Med J. 2017 Apr;34(4):205-11.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Assenza M, Centonze L, Valesini L, et al. Traumatic subclavian arterial rupture: a case report and review of literature. World J Emerg Surg. 2012 Jun 18;7(1):18.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Williams A, Bigham C, Marchbank A. Anaesthetic and surgical management of rib fractures. BJA Educ. 2020 Oct;20(10):332-40.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Al-Hassani A, Abdulrahman H, Afifi I, et al. Rib fracture patterns predict thoracic chest wall and abdominal solid organ injury. Am Surg. 2010 Aug;76(8):888-91. Resumo

46. Brasel KJ, Moore EE, Albrecht RA, et al. Western Trauma Association critical decisions in trauma: management of rib fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Jan;82(1):200-3.Texto completo  Resumo

47. Kemp AM, Dunstan F, Harrison S, et al. Patterns of skeletal fractures in child abuse: systematic review. BMJ. 2008 Oct 2;337:a1518.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Bensen R, Adachi JD, Papaioannou A, et al. Evaluation of easily measured risk factors in the prediction of osteoporotic fractures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005 Sep 5;6:47.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Kent R, Woods W, Bostrom O. Fatality risk and the presence of rib fractures. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2008 Oct;52:73-82. Resumo

50. Ziegler DW, Agarwal NN. The morbidity and mortality of rib fractures. J Trauma. 1994 Dec;37(6):975-9. Resumo

51. American College of Surgeons. Best practices guidelines: management of chest wall injuries. Nov 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

52. Athanassiadi K, Gerazounis M, Theakos N. Management of 150 flail chest injuries: analysis of risk factors affecting outcome. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004 Aug;26(2):373-6.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Sermonesi G, Bertelli R, Pieracci FM, et al. Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF): the WSES and CWIS position paper. World J Emerg Surg. 2024 Oct 18;19(1):33.Texto completo  Resumo

54. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: rib fractures. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

55. American College of Surgeons; Trauma Quality Improvement Program. Best practices guidelines in imaging. Oct 2018 [internet publication].​Texto completo

56. Livingston DH, Shogan B, John P, et al. CT diagnosis of rib fractures and the prediction of acute respiratory failure. J Trauma. 2008 Apr;64(4):905-11. Resumo

57. Guerrero-López F, Vázquez-Mata G, Alcázar-Romero PP, et al. Evaluation of the utility of computed tomography in the initial assessment of the critical care patient with chest trauma. Crit Care Med. 2000 May;28(5):1370-5. Resumo

58. Brody AS, Frush DP, Huda W, et al. Radiation risk to children from computed tomography. Pediatrics. 2007 Sep;120(3):677-82.Texto completo  Resumo

59. Hurley ME, Keye GD, Hamilton S. Is ultrasound really helpful in the detection of rib fractures? Injury. 2004 Jun;35(6):562-6. Resumo

60. Stengel D, Leisterer J, Ferrada P, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography for diagnosing thoracoabdominal injuries in patients with blunt trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Dec 12;(12):CD012669.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Talbot BS, Gange CP Jr, Chaturvedi A, et al. Traumatic rib injury: patterns, imaging pitfalls, complications, and treatment. Radiographics. 2017 Mar-Apr;37(2):628-51. Resumo

62. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Major trauma: assessment and initial management. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

63. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria. Suspected physical abuse - child. 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

64. Kim W, Song J, Moon S, et al. Characteristics of rib fracture patients who require chest computed tomography in the emergency department. BMC Emerg Med. 2023 Mar 22;23(1):33.Texto completo  Resumo

65. Battle C, Pelo C, Hsu J, et al. Expert consensus guidance on respiratory physiotherapy and rehabilitation of patients with rib fractures: an international, multidisciplinary e-Delphi study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023 Apr 1;94(4):578-83.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Kishawi SK, Ho VP, Bachman KC, et al. Are we underestimating the morbidity of single rib fractures? J Surg Res. 2021 Dec;268:174-80.Texto completo  Resumo

67. Reeder MT, Dick BH, Atkins JK, et al. Stress fractures: current concepts of diagnosis and treatment. Sports Med. 1996 Sep;22(3):198-212. Resumo

68. American College of Surgeons. ACS trauma quality programs: best practices guidelines for acute pain management in trauma patients. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

69. Karmakar MK, Ho AM. Acute pain management of patients with multiple fractured ribs. J Trauma. 2003 Mar;54(3):615-25. Resumo

70. Burton SW, Riojas C, Gesin G, et al; PRIMUM Group. Multimodal analgesia reduces opioid requirements in trauma patients with rib fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022 Mar 1;92(3):588-96.Texto completo  Resumo

71. Martin TJ, Eltorai AS, Dunn R, et al. Clinical management of rib fractures and methods for prevention of pulmonary complications: a review. Injury. 2019 Jun;50(6):1159-65. Resumo

72. Yang Y, Young JB, Schermer CR, et al. Use of ketorolac is associated with decreased pneumonia following rib fractures. Am J Surg. 2014 Apr;207(4):566-72.Texto completo  Resumo

73. Bulger EM, Edwards T, Klotz P, et al. Epidural analgesia improves outcome after multiple rib fractures. Surgery. 2004 Aug;136(2):426-30. Resumo

74. Peek J, Smeeing DPJ, Hietbrink F, et al. Comparison of analgesic interventions for traumatic rib fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018 Feb 6;45(4):597-622.Texto completo  Resumo

75. Carrier FM, Turgeon AF, Nicole PC, et al. Effect of epidural analgesia in patients with traumatic rib fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Can J Anaesth. 2009 Mar;56(3):230-42. Resumo

76. Cheng YJ. Lidocaine skin patch (Lidopat® 5%) is effective in the treatment of traumatic rib fractures: a prospective double-blinded and vehicle-controlled study. Med Princ Pract. 2016;25(1):36-9.Texto completo  Resumo

77. Johnson M, Strait L, Ata A, et al. Do lidocaine patches reduce opioid use in acute rib fractures? Am Surg. 2020 Sep;86(9):1153-8. Resumo

78. Oncel M, Sencan S, Yildiz H, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain management in patients with uncomplicated minor rib fractures. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002 Jul;22(1):13-7.Texto completo  Resumo

79. Hsu JR, Mir H, Wally MK, et al; Orthopaedic Trauma Association Musculoskeletal Pain Task Force. Clinical practice guidelines for pain management in acute musculoskeletal injury. J Orthop Trauma. 2019 May;33(5):e158-82.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Finneran JJ 4th, Kobayashi L, Costantini TW, et al. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoneurolysis for the treatment of pain after traumatic rib fracture: a randomized, active-controlled, participant- and observer-masked study. Anesthesiology. 2025 Mar 1;142(3):532-45.Texto completo  Resumo

81. Cha PI, Min JG, Patil A, et al. Efficacy of intercostal cryoneurolysis as an analgesic adjunct for chest wall pain after surgery or trauma: systematic review. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2021;6(1):e000690.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Vossler JD, Zhao FZ. Intercostal nerve cryoablation for control of traumatic rib fracture pain: a case report. Trauma Case Rep. 2019 Oct;23:100229.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Mukherjee K, Schubl SD, Tominaga G, et al. Non-surgical management and analgesia strategies for older adults with multiple rib fractures: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and joint practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma and the Chest Wall Injury Society. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023 Mar 1;94(3):398-407. Resumo

84. Nakitende D, Gottlieb M, Ruskis J, et al. Ultrasound for confirmation of thoracostomy tube placement by emergency medicine residents. Trauma (United Kingdom). 2015;19(1):35‐8.

85. Asciak R, Bedawi EO, Bhatnagar R, et al. British Thoracic Society clinical statement on pleural procedures. Thorax. 2023 Jul;78(suppl 3):s43-68.Texto completo  Resumo

86. Jenkins JA, Gharahbaghian L, Doniger SJ, et al. Sonographic identification of tube thoracostomy study (SITTS): confirmation of intrathoracic placement. West J Emerg Med. 2012 Sep;13(4):305-11.Texto completo  Resumo

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88. Voggenreiter G, Neudeck F, Aufmkolk M, et al. Operative chest wall stabilization in flail chest--outcomes of patients with or without pulmonary contusion. J Am Coll Surg. 1998 Aug;187(2):130-8. Resumo

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91. Leinicke JA, Elmore L, Freeman BD, et al. Operative management of rib fractures in the setting of flail chest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2013 Dec;258(6):914-21. Resumo

92. Marasco SF, Davies AR, Cooper J, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial of operative rib fixation in traumatic flail chest. J Am Coll Surg. 2013 May;216(5):924-32. Resumo

93. Kasotakis G, Hasenboehler EA, Streib EW, et al. Operative fixation of rib fractures after blunt trauma: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Mar;82(3):618-26.Texto completo  Resumo

94. Schuurmans J, Goslings JC, Schepers T. Operative management versus non-operative management of rib fractures in flail chest injuries: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2017 Apr;43(2):163-8.Texto completo  Resumo

95. Pieracci FM, Majercik S, Ali-Osman F, et al. Consensus statement: surgical stabilization of rib fractures rib fracture colloquium clinical practice guidelines. Injury. 2017 Feb;48(2):307-21. Resumo

96. Lucena-Amaro S, Cole E, Zolfaghari P. Long term outcomes following rib fracture fixation in patients with major chest trauma. Injury. 2022 Sep;53(9):2947-52. Resumo

97. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Insertion of metal rib reinforcements to stabilise a flail chest wall. Oct 2010 [internet publication].Texto completo

98. Wang Z, Jia Y, Li M. The effectiveness of early surgical stabilization for multiple rib fractures: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2023 Apr 10;18(1):118.Texto completo  Resumo

99. Owattanapanich N, Lewis MR, Benjamin ER, et al. Surgical rib fixation in isolated flail chest improves survival. Ann Thorac Surg. 2022 Jun;113(6):1859-65.Texto completo  Resumo

100. Sawyer E, Wullschleger M, Muller N, et al. Surgical rib fixation of multiple rib fractures and flail chest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Surg Res. 2022 Aug;276:221-34.Texto completo  Resumo

101. Peuker F, Hoepelman RJ, Beeres FJP, et al. Nonoperative treatment of multiple rib fractures, the results to beat: International multicenter prospective cohort study among 845 patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024 May 1;96(5):769-76.Texto completo  Resumo

102. Hietbrink F, Houwert RM, van Wessem KJP, et al. The evolution of trauma care in the Netherlands over 20 years. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020 Apr;46(2):329-35.Texto completo  Resumo

103. Bulger EM, Arneson MA, Mock CN, et al. Rib fractures in the elderly. J Trauma. 2000 Jun;48(6):1040-6. Resumo

104. Dehghan N, Mah JM, Schemitsch EH, et al. Operative stabilization of flail chest injuries reduces mortality to that of stable chest wall injuries. J Orthop Trauma. 2018 Jan;32(1):15-21. Resumo

105. Van Vledder MG, Kwakernaak V, Hagenaars T, et al. Patterns of injury and outcomes in the elderly patient with rib fractures: a multicenter observational study. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2019 Aug;45(4):575-83.Texto completo  Resumo

106. Brasel KJ, Guse CE, Layde P, et al. Rib fractures: relationship with pneumonia and mortality. Crit Care Med. 2006 Jun;34(6):1642-6. Resumo

107. Kerr-Valentic MA, Arthur M, Mullins RJ, et al. Rib fracture pain and disability: can we do better? J Trauma. 2003 Jun;54(6):1058-63. Resumo

108. Marasco S, Lee G, Summerhayes R, et al. Quality of life after major trauma with multiple rib fractures. Injury. 2014 Jun 21;46(1):61-5. Resumo

109. Choi J, Khan S, Hakes NA, et al. Prospective study of short-term quality-of-life after traumatic rib fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021 Jan 1;90(1):73-8. Resumo

110. Choi J, Khan S, Sheira D, et al. Prospective study of long-term quality-of-life after rib fractures. Surgery. 2022 Jul;172(1):404-9. Resumo

111. Prunet B, Bourenne J, David JS, et al. Patterns of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with severe blunt chest trauma and lung contusion: a French multicentric evaluation of practices. J Intensive Care Soc. 2018 Apr 3;20(1):46-52.Texto completo  Resumo

112. Ho ML, Gutierrez FR. Chest radiography in thoracic polytrauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Mar;192(3):599-612.Texto completo  Resumo

113. Zuidem W. Angle stable plate osteosynthesis for non-union of rib fractures. 2007 [internet publication].Texto completo

114. British Orthopaedic Association. British Orthopaedic Association standards for trauma (BOASTs): rehabilitation and communication with trauma patients. Aug 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

115. Forrester JD, Faliks B, Cardarelli C, et al. Surgical Infection Society-Chest Wall Injury Society recommendations for management of surgical site or implant-related infections after surgical stabilization of traumatic rib or sternal fractures. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2023 Jun;24(5):414-24.Texto completo  Resumo