Superdosagem de opioides

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Resuscitation Council UK. 2021 resuscitation guidelines. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

Williams K, Lang ES, Panchal AR, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for EMS administration of naloxone. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2019 Nov-Dec;23(6):749-63.Texto completo  Resumo

Lavonas EJ, Akpunonu PD, Arens AM, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2023 Oct 17;148(16):e149-84.Texto completo  Resumo

1. United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Synthetic opioids. Dec 2024 [internet publication].​Texto completo

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3. World Health Organization. Opioid overdose. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

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8. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Drug overdose deaths: facts and figures. Aug 2024 [internet publication].​Texto completo

9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National center for health statistics: provisional drug overdose death counts for specific drugs. Jan 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and mortality weekly report (MMWR): detection of illegally manufactured fentanyls and carfentanil in drug overdose deaths - United States, 2021-2024. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rising numbers of deaths involving fentanyl and fentanyl analogs, including carfentanil, and increased usage and mixing with non-opioids. HAN no. 413. July 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

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14. Kariisa M, Patel P, Smith H, et al. Notes from the Field: xylazine detection and involvement in drug overdose deaths - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Sep 17;70(37):1300-2.Texto completo  Resumo

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17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and mortality weekly report (MMWR): overdoses involving medetomidine mixed with opioids - Chicago, Illinois, May 2024. May 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and mortality weekly report (MMWR): illicitly manufactured fentanyl-involved overdose deaths with detected xylazine - United States, January 2019-June 2022. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

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27. Haffajee RL, Cherney S, Smart R. Legal requirements and recommendations to prescribe naloxone. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Apr 1;209:107896.Texto completo  Resumo

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29. World Health ​Organization. Community management of opioid overdose. 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

30. Chang AK, Bijur PE, Esses D, et al. Effect of a single dose of oral opioid and nonopioid analgesics on acute extremity pain in the emergency department: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017 Nov 7;318(17):1661-7. Resumo

31. Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, et al. CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain - United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2022 Nov 4;71(3):1-95.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Osteen JD, Immani S, Tapley TL, et al. Pharmacology and mechanism of action of suzetrigine, a potent and selective Na(V)1.8 pain signal inhibitor for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Pain Ther. 2025 Apr;14(2):655-74.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Opioid overdose prevention toolkit. June 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Leveraging prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) data in overdose prevention and response. Mar 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

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36. American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. SAMHSA releases substance use disorder treatment month toolkit. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

37. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overdose prevention: preventing opioid overdose. May 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

38. US Department of Health and Human Services. Naloxone: the opioid reversal drug that saves lives. How healthcare providers and patients can better utilize this life-saving drug. December 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

39. Public Health England. Widening the availability of naloxone. 18 February 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

40. Babu KM, Brent J, Juurlink DN. Prevention of opioid overdose. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 6;380(23):2246-55.Texto completo  Resumo

41. Sharma V, Simpson SH, Samanani S, et al. Concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines/Z-drugs in Alberta, Canada and the risk of hospitalisation and death: a case cross-over study. BMJ Open. 2020 Nov 20;10(11):e038692.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Serious and fatal overdose of fentanyl patches. 11 December 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

43. US Food and Drug Administration. Accidental exposures to fentanyl patches continue to be deadly to children. 21 July 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and mortality weekly report (MMWR): ​notes from the field: geo-temporal trends in fentanyl administration routes among adults reporting use of illegally manufactured fentanyl when assessed for substance-use treatment - 14 U.S. States, 2017-2023. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

45. Halifax JC, Lim L, Ciccarone D, et al. Testing the test strips: laboratory performance of fentanyl test strips. Harm Reduct J. 2024 Jan 18;21(1):14.Texto completo  Resumo

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47. Levengood TW, Yoon GH, Davoust MJ, et al. Supervised injection facilities as harm reduction: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2021 Nov;61(5):738-49.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Dezfulian C, Orkin AM, Maron BA, et al. Opioid-associated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: distinctive clinical features and implications for health care and public responses: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 Apr 20;143(16):e836-70.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Resuscitation Council UK. 2021 resuscitation guidelines. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

50. Hoffman JR, Schriger DL, Luo JS. The empiric use of naloxone in patients with altered mental status: a reappraisal. Ann Emerg Med. 1991 Mar;20(3):246-52. Resumo

51. Armenian P, Vo KT, Barr-Walker J, et al. Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: a comprehensive review. Neuropharmacology. 2018 May 15;134(pt a):121-32.Texto completo  Resumo

52. Abdelal R, Banerjee AR, Carlberg-Racich S, et al. The need for multiple naloxone administrations for opioid overdose reversals: a review of the literature. Subst Abus. 2022;43(1):774-84.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Royal College of Emergency Medicine. Best pratice guidelines: management of suspected internal drug trafficker (SIDT)​. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

54. Flach PM, Ross SG, Ampanozi G, et al. "Drug mules" as a radiological challenge: sensitivity and specificity in identifying internal cocaine in body packers, body pushers and body stuffers by computed tomography, plain radiography and Lodox. Eur J Radiol. 2012 Oct;81(10):2518-26. Resumo

55. Baril L. ​Body packers, stuffers, and pushers: time bombs in our EDs. FOAMTOX. 2022 Jun 13.Texto completo

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57. Williams K, Lang ES, Panchal AR, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for EMS administration of naloxone. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2019 Nov-Dec;23(6):749-63.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Lavonas EJ, Akpunonu PD, Arens AM, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2023 Oct 17;148(16):e149-84.Texto completo  Resumo

59. Boyer EW. Management of opioid analgesic overdose. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 12;367(2):146-55.Texto completo  Resumo

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66. Dietze P, Jauncey M, Salmon A, et al. Effect of intranasal vs intramuscular naloxone on opioid overdose: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Nov 1;2(11):e1914977.Texto completo  Resumo

67. Sutter ME, Gerona RR, Davis MT, et al. Fatal fentanyl: one pill can kill. Acad Emerg Med. 2017 Jan;24(1):106-13.Texto completo  Resumo

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69. Royal College of Emergency Medicine; National Poisons Information Service. Best practice guideline: guideline for the assessment and management of acute opioid toxicity in adults in the emergency department. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

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73. Committee Opinion No. 711: Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Aug;130(2):e81-94.Texto completo  Resumo

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75. Taming the SRU. Packers, stuffers, and pushers. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

76. Thanacoody R, Caravati EM, Troutman B, et al. Position paper update: whole bowel irrigation for gastrointestinal decontamination of overdose patients. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015 Jan;53(1):5-12. Resumo

77. CorePendium. Body packers, body stuffers. Aug 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

78. Juurlink DN. Activated charcoal for acute overdose: a reappraisal. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;81(3):482-7.Texto completo  Resumo

79. O'Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, et al; British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group; BTS Emergency Oxygen Guideline Development Group. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. Thorax. 2017 Jun;72(suppl 1):ii1-90.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Purdue Pharma. FDA approves nalmefene HCl injection, 2mg/2mL (1mg/1mL) for the treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose with natural or synthetic opioids. 23 February 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

81. Cipriano A, Apseloff G, Kapil RP, et al. Time course of reversal of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in healthy subjects by intramuscular nalmefene and intramuscular and intranasal naloxone. J Clin Pharmacol. 2025 Feb;65(2):206-16.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Stolbach AI, Mazer-Amirshahi ME, Nelson LS, et al. American College of Medical Toxicology and the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology position statement: nalmefene should not replace naloxone as the primary opioid antidote at this time. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2023 Nov;61(11):952-5. Resumo

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85. Bremer PT, Burke EL, Barrett AC, et al. Investigation of monoclonal antibody CSX-1004 for fentanyl overdose. Nat Commun. 2023 Dec 5;14(1):7700.Texto completo  Resumo

86. Olfson M, Crystal S, Wall M, et al. Causes of death after nonfatal opioid overdose. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 1;75(8):820-7.Texto completo  Resumo

87. Mechling BM, Ahern N, Palumbo R, et al. Emergency department-initiated interventions for illicit drug overdose: an integrative review of best practices. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2023 Jun;61(6):18-24. Resumo

88. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. ​Food and Drug Administration overdose prevention framework. Mar 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

89. Langford AV, Lin CC, Bero L, et al. Clinical practice guideline for deprescribing opioid analgesics: summary of recommendations. Med J Aust. 2023 Jul 17;219(2):80-9.Texto completo  Resumo

90. Livingston CJ, Berenji M, Titus TM, et al. American College of Preventive Medicine: addressing the opioid epidemic through a prevention framework. Am J Prev Med. 2022 Sep;63(3):454-65.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Jegede O, De Aquino JP, Hsaio C, et al. The impact of high-potency synthetic opioids on pharmacotherapies for opioid use disorder: a scoping review. J Addict Med. 2024 Sep-Oct 01;18(5):499-510. Resumo

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93. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overdose prevention: linking people with opioid use disorder to medication treatment. Feb 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

94. Armoon B, SoleimanvandiAzar N, Rostami M, et al. Drug type and risk behaviors associated with non-fatal overdose among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict Dis. 2022 Jan-Mar;40(1):114-25. Resumo