Hipogonadismo em homens

Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, et al. Evaluation and management of testosterone deficiency: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2018 Aug;200(2):423-32.Texto completo  Resumo

Jayasena CN, Anderson RA, Llahana S, et al. Society for Endocrinology guidelines for testosterone replacement therapy in male hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022 Feb;96(2):200-19.Texto completo  Resumo

Matsumoto AM. Diagnosis and evaluation of hypogonadism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2022 Mar;51(1):47-62. Resumo

Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 May 1;103(5):1715-44.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, et al. Evaluation and management of testosterone deficiency: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2018 Aug;200(2):423-32.Texto completo  Resumo

2. Jayasena CN, Anderson RA, Llahana S, et al. Society for Endocrinology guidelines for testosterone replacement therapy in male hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022 Feb;96(2):200-19.Texto completo  Resumo

3. Salonia A, Rastrelli G, Hackett G, et al. Paediatric and adult-onset male hypogonadism. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 May 30;5(1):38.Texto completo  Resumo

4. Sharma A, Jayasena CN, Dhillo WS. Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis: pathophysiology of hypogonadism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2022 Mar;51(1):29-45. Resumo

5. Tajar A, Forti G, O'Neill TW, et al; EMAS Group. Characteristics of secondary, primary, and compensated hypogonadism in aging men: evidence from the European male ageing study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr;95(4):1810-8. Resumo

6. Wu FC, Tajar A, Beynon JM, et al. Identification of late-onset hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly men. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 8;363(2):123-35.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Matsumoto AM. Diagnosis and evaluation of hypogonadism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2022 Mar;51(1):47-62. Resumo

8. Dwyer AA, Smith N, Quinton R. Psychological aspects of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Jul 5;10:353.Texto completo  Resumo

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10. Araujo AB, Esche GR, Kupelian V, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Nov;92(11):4241-7.Texto completo  Resumo

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12. Tajar A, Huhtaniemi IT, O'Neill TW, et al. Characteristics of androgen deficiency in late-onset hypogonadism: results from the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 May;97(5):1508-16.Texto completo  Resumo

13. Wu FC, Tajar A, Pye SR, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis disruptions in older men are differentially linked to age and modifiable risk factors: the European Male Aging Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jul;93(7):2737-45.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Cheng J, Han B, Li Q, et al. Testosterone: relationships with metabolic disorders in men-an observational study from SPECT-China. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:4547658.Texto completo  Resumo

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17. Chang S, Skakkebaek A, Davis SM, et al. Morbidity in Klinefelter syndrome and the effect of testosterone treatment. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2020 Jun;184(2):344-55.Texto completo  Resumo

18. Delessard M, Saulnier J, Rives A, et al. Exposure to chemotherapy during childhood or adulthood and consequences on spermatogenesis and male fertility. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 20;21(4):1454.Texto completo  Resumo

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22. Roychoudhury S, Chakraborty S, Choudhury AP, et al. Environmental factors-induced oxidative stress: hormonal and molecular pathway disruptions in hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 May 24;10(6):837.Texto completo  Resumo

23. Duca Y, Aversa A, Condorelli RA, et al. Substance abuse and male hypogonadism. J Clin Med. 2019 May 22;8(5):732.Texto completo  Resumo

24. Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Stikkelbroeck N, Falhammar H, et al. Management of endocrine disease: gonadal dysfunction in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021 Mar;184(3):R85-97. Resumo

25. Fang Q, George AS, Brinkmeier ML, et al. Genetics of combined pituitary hormone deficiency: roadmap into the genome era. Endocr Rev. 2016 Dec;37(6):636-75.Texto completo  Resumo

26. Kiserud CE, Fosså A, Bjøro T, et al. Gonadal function in male patients after treatment for malignant lymphomas, with emphasis on chemotherapy. Br J Cancer. 2009 Feb 10;100(3):455-63.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Luton JP, Thieblot P, Valcke JC, et al. Reversible gonadotropin deficiency in male Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1977 Sep;45(3):488-95. Resumo

28. Lunenfeld B, Mskhalaya G, Zitzmann M, et al. Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of hypogonadism in men. Aging Male. 2015 Mar;18(1):5-15.Texto completo  Resumo

29. Wang C, Nieschlag E, Swerdloff R, et al. Investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males: ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA and ASA recommendations. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008 Nov;159(5):507-14.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Wang C, Jackson G, Jones TH, et al. Low testosterone associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome contributes to sexual dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jul;34(7):1669-75.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Dhindsa S, Ghanim H, Batra M, et al. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men with diabesity. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jul;41(7):1516-25.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Dandona P, Dhindsa S, Ghanim H. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in diabesity: pathogenic factors and therapeutic implications. Androg Clin Res Ther. 2022 Dec 28;3(1):214-6.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Singh J, Sahoo AK, Swain J, et al. Assessment of hypogonadism and its determinants among adult men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prim Care Diabetes. 2023 Aug;17(4):348-53. Resumo

34. Rochira V, Kara E, Carani C. The endocrine role of estrogens on human male skeleton. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:165215.Texto completo  Resumo

35. Braunstein GD. Gynecomastia. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 20;357(12):1229-37. Resumo

36. Sakamoto H, Saito K, Ogawa Y, et al. Testicular volume measurements using Prader orchidometer versus ultrasonography in patients with infertility. Urology. 2007 Jan;69(1):158-62. Resumo

37. Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 May 1;103(5):1715-44.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Brambilla DJ, O'Donnell AB, Matsumoto AM, et al. Intraindividual variation in levels of serum testosterone and other reproductive and adrenal hormones in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Dec;67(6):853-62. Resumo

39. Ring J, Welliver C, Parenteau M, et al. The utility of sex hormone-binding globulin in hypogonadism and infertile males. J Urol. 2017 May;197(5):1326-31. Resumo

40. Jayasena CN, de Silva NL, O'Reilly MW, et al. Standardising the biochemical confirmation of adult male hypogonadism; a joint position statement by the Society for Endocrinology and Association of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Ann Clin Biochem. 2023 Jul;60(4):223-7.Texto completo  Resumo

41. Travison TG, Vesper HW, Orwoll E, et al. Harmonized reference ranges for circulating testosterone levels in men of four cohort studies in the United States and Europe. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Apr 1;102(4):1161-73.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Steroid hormones standardization programs​. May 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

43. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Sixth edition. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

44. Dalvi M, Walker BR, Strachan MW, et al. The prevalence of structural pituitary abnormalities by MRI scanning in men presenting with isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016 Jun;84(6):858-61. Resumo

45. Butler G, Srirangalingam U, Faithfull J, et al. Klinefelter syndrome: going beyond the diagnosis. Arch Dis Child. 2023 Mar;108(3):166-71.Texto completo  Resumo

46. Zitzmann M, Aksglaede L, Corona G, et al. European academy of andrology guidelines on Klinefelter Syndrome Endorsing Organization: European Society of Endocrinology. Andrology. 2021 Jan;9(1):145-167.Texto completo  Resumo

47. Skakkebæk A, Wallentin M, Gravholt CH. Neuropsychology and socioeconomic aspects of Klinefelter syndrome: new developments. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2015 Jun;22(3):209-16. Resumo

48. Chang S, Christiansen CF, Bojesen A, et al. Klinefelter syndrome and testosterone treatment: a national cohort study on thrombosis risk. Endocr Connect. 2020 Jan;9(1):34-43.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Gravholt CH, Jensen AS, Høst C, et al. Body composition, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in Klinefelter syndrome. Acta Paediatr. 2011 Jun;100(6):871-7.Texto completo  Resumo

50. Yeap BB, Grossmann M, McLachlan RI, et al. Endocrine Society of Australia position statement on male hypogonadism (part 1): assessment and indications for testosterone therapy. Med J Aust. 2016 Aug 15;205(4):173-8. Resumo

51. Lee H, Hwang EC, Oh CK, et al. Testosterone replacement in men with sexual dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 Jan 15;1(1):CD013071.Texto completo  Resumo

52. Cappola AR, Auchus RJ, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, et al. Hormones and aging: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Jul 14;108(8):1835-74.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Elliott J, Kelly SE, Millar AC, et al. Testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017 Nov 16;7(11):e015284.Texto completo  Resumo

54. Wang C, Swerdloff RS. Testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2022 Mar;51(1):77-98.Texto completo  Resumo

55. Figueiredo MG, Gagliano-Jucá T, Basaria S. Testosterone therapy with subcutaneous injections: a safe, practical, and reasonable option. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Feb 17;107(3):614-26.Texto completo  Resumo

56. Swerdloff RS, Wang C, White WB, et al. A new oral testosterone undecanoate formulation restores testosterone to normal concentrations in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Aug 1;105(8):2515-31.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Goldstein I, Chidambaram N, Dobs A, et al. Newer formulations of oral testosterone undecanoate: development and liver side effects. Sex Med Rev. 2025 Jan 31;13(1):33-40.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Miller JA, Nguyen TT, Loeb C, et al. Oral testosterone therapy: past, present, and future. Sex Med Rev. 2023 Apr 3;11(2):124-38. Resumo

59. McCullough A. A review of testosterone pellets in the treatment of hypogonadism. Curr Sex Health Rep. 2014;6(4):265-9.Texto completo  Resumo

60. Bhasin S, Travison TG, Pencina KM, et al. Prostate safety events during testosterone replacement therapy in men with hypogonadism: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Dec 1;6(12):e2348692.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Lincoff AM, Bhasin S, Flevaris P, et al. Cardiovascular safety of testosterone-replacement therapy. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jul 13;389(2):107-17. Resumo

62. Hudson J, Cruickshank M, Quinton R, et al. Adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in men during testosterone treatment: an individual patient and aggregate data meta-analysis. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2022 Jun;3(6):e381-93.Texto completo  Resumo

63. Cruickshank M, Hudson J, Hernández R, et al. The effects and safety of testosterone replacement therapy for men with hypogonadism: the TestES evidence synthesis and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2024 Aug;28(43):1-210.Texto completo  Resumo

64. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA issues class-wide labeling changes for testosterone products​. 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

65. Morgentaler A, Dhindsa S, Dobs AS, et al. Androgen society position paper on cardiovascular risk with testosterone therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2024 Nov;99(11):1785-801.Texto completo  Resumo

66. White WB, Bernstein JS, Rittmaster R, et al. Effects of the oral testosterone undecanoate Kyzatrex™ on ambulatory blood pressure in hypogonadal men. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021 Jul;23(7):1420-30.Texto completo  Resumo

67. Gittelman M, Jaffe JS, Kaminetsky JC. Safety of a new subcutaneous testosterone enanthate auto-injector: results of a 26-week study. J Sex Med. 2019 Nov;16(11):1741-8.Texto completo  Resumo

68. European Medicines Agency. No consistent evidence of an increased risk of heart problems with testosterone medicines. November 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

69. Ayele HT, Brunetti VC, Renoux C, et al. Testosterone replacement therapy and the risk of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Thromb Res. 2021 Mar;199:123-31. Resumo

70. Bond P, Verdegaal T, Smit DL. Testosterone therapy-induced erythrocytosis: can phlebotomy be justified? Endocr Connect. 2024 Oct 1;13(10):e240283.Texto completo  Resumo

71. Petersenn S, Fleseriu M, Casanueva FF, et al. Diagnosis and management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a Pituitary Society international consensus statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023 Dec;19(12):722-40.Texto completo  Resumo

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76. Lee JA, Ramasamy R. Indications for the use of human chorionic gonadotropic hormone for the management of infertility in hypogonadal men. Transl Androl Urol. 2018 Jul;7(suppl 3):S348-52.Texto completo  Resumo

77. Pastuszak AW, Hu Y, Freid JD. Occurrence of pulmonary oil microembolism after testosterone undecanoate injection: a postmarketing safety analysis. Sex Med. 2020 Jun;8(2):237-42.Texto completo  Resumo

78. Fintini D, Grossi A, Brufani C, et al. Bone mineral density and body composition in male children with hypogonadism. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009 Jul;32(7):585-9.Texto completo  Resumo

79. Golds G, Houdek D, Arnason T. Male hypogonadism and osteoporosis: the effects, clinical consequences, and treatment of testosterone deficiency in bone health. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:4602129.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Snyder PJ, Kopperdahl DL, Stephens-Shields AJ, et al. Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Volumetric Bone Density and Strength in Older Men With Low Testosterone: A Controlled Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Apr 1;177(4):471-479.Texto completo  Resumo

81. Ng Tang Fui M, Hoermann R, Bracken K, et al. Effect of testosterone treatment on bone microarchitecture and bone mineral density in men: a 2-year RCT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jul 13;106(8):e3143-58.Texto completo  Resumo

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83. Snyder PJ, Bauer DC, Ellenberg SS, et al. Testosterone treatment and fractures in men with hypogonadism. N Engl J Med. 2024 Jan 18;390(3):203-11.Texto completo  Resumo