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Deschenes J, Murray PI, Rao NA, et al; International Uveitis Study Group. International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG): clinical classification of uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2008 Jan-Feb;16(1):1-2. Resumo

Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RD, Rosenbaum JT; Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data: results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Sep;140(3):509-16. Resumo

Foster CS, Kothari S, Anesi SD, et al. The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation preferred practice patterns of uveitis management. Surv Ophthalmol. 2016 Jan-Feb;61(1):1-17. Resumo

Dick AD, Rosenbaum JT, Al-Dhibi HA, et al. Guidance on noncorticosteroid systemic immunomodulatory therapy in noninfectious uveitis: Fundamentals Of Care for UveitiS (FOCUS) Initiative. Ophthalmology. 2018 May;125(5):757-73.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Deschenes J, Murray PI, Rao NA, et al; International Uveitis Study Group. International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG): clinical classification of uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2008 Jan-Feb;16(1):1-2. Resumo

2. Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RD, Rosenbaum JT; Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data: results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Sep;140(3):509-16. Resumo

3. Burkholder BM, Jabs DA. Uveitis for the non-ophthalmologist. BMJ. 2021 Feb 3;372:m4979. Resumo

4. Acharya NR, Tham VM, Esterberg E, et al. Incidence and prevalence of uveitis: results from the Pacific Ocular Inflammation Study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Nov;131(11):1405-12.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Gritz DG, Wong IG. Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in Northern California; the Northern California Epidemiology of Uveitis Study. Ophthalmology. 2004 Mar;111(3):491-500. Resumo

6. Kung TP, Hunt MS, McKay M, et al. Uveitis incidence in the United States (US): a database study using the Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS)® registry​. IOVS. 2021 Jun;62(8):1404.Texto completo

7. Suhler EB, Lloyd MJ, Choi D, et al. Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in veterans affairs medical centers of the Pacific Northwest. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Dec;146(6):890-6.e8. Resumo

8. González MM, Solano MM, Porco TC, et al. Epidemiology of uveitis in a US population-based study. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2018 Apr 17;8(1):6.Texto completo  Resumo

9. Amin S, Seabury SA, Rao MA, et al. Measuring the incidence and prevalence of uveitis and scleritis in a national medical claims database. 2019 Jul;60(9):6658.​Texto completo

10. Abdulaal MR, Abiad BH, Hamam RN. Uveitis in the aging eye: incidence, patterns, and differential diagnosis. J Ophthalmol. 2015;2015:509456.Texto completo  Resumo

11. Barisani-Asenbauer T, Maca SM, Mejdoubi L, et al. Uveitis: a rare disease often associated with systemic diseases and infections - a systematic review of 2619 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012 Aug 29;7:57.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Miserocchi E, Fogliato G, Modorati G, et al. Review on the worldwide epidemiology of uveitis. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2013 Sep-Oct;23(5):705-17. Resumo

13. Tsirouki T, Dastiridou A, Symeonidis C, et al. A focus on the epidemiology of uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2018;26(1):2-16. Resumo

14. Murray CJ, Ortblad KF, Guinovart C, el al; GBD Study group. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014 Sep 13;384(9947):1005-70.Texto completo  Resumo

15. Radosavljevic A, Agarwal M, Chee SP, et al. Epidemiology of viral induced anterior uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2021 Feb 22;1-13. Resumo

16. Lee JH, Agarwal A, Mahendradas P, et al. Viral posterior uveitis. Surv Ophthalmol. 2017 Jul-Aug;62(4):404-45.Texto completo  Resumo

17. Jackson TL. Moorfields manual of ophthalmology. 3rd ed. London: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2019.

18. McCluskey PJ, Towler HM, Lightman S. Management of chronic uveitis. BMJ. 2000 Feb 26;320(7234):555-8.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Bertrand PJ, Jamilloux Y, Ecochard R, et al. Uveitis: autoimmunity… and beyond. Autoimmun Rev. 2019 Sep;18(9):102351. Resumo

20. Rosenbaum JT. Uveitis: an internist's view. Arch Intern Med. 1989 May;149(5):1173-6. Resumo

21. Kalogeropoulos D, Asproudis I, Stefaniotou M, et al. The large Hellenic study of uveitis: epidemiology, etiologic factors and classification. Int Ophthalmol. 2023 Oct;43(10):3633-50.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Oh BL, Lee JS, Lee EY, et al. Recurrent anterior uveitis and subsequent incidence of ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide cohort study from 2002 to 2013. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018 Feb 7;20(1):22.Texto completo  Resumo

23. Wensing B, Mochizuki M, De Boer JH. Clinical characteristics of herpes simplex virus associated anterior uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2018;26(3):333-7.Texto completo  Resumo

24. Bhikoo R, Damato EM, Guest S, et al. Primary ocular toxoplasmosis presenting to uveitis services in a non-endemic setting. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2019 Dec;33(6):514-9.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Mandelcorn ED. Infectious causes of posterior uveitis. Can J Ophthalmol. 2013 Feb;48(1):31-9.Texto completo  Resumo

26. London NJ, Garg SJ, Moorthy RS, et al. Drug-induced uveitis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2013 Mar 25;3(1):43.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Fournier S, Deplus S, Janier M, et al. Anterior uveitis in HIV-infected patients: 3 cases in patients treated with an antiprotease [in French]. Presse Med. 1998 May 16;27(18):844-8. Resumo

28. Kunavisarut P, Sirirungsi W, Pathanapitoon K, et al. Clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-induced uveitis. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jul;119(7):1455-9. Resumo

29. King D, Chandan JS, Thomas T, et al. Risk of a subsequent diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in subjects with ophthalmic disorders associated with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort analysis of UK primary care data. BMJ Open. 2022 May 11;12(5):e052833.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Papasavvas I, Kuiper JJW, Herbort CP Jr. Some practical issues about HLA-A29 in birdshot retinochoroiditis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2023 Mar 9;13(1):10.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Cunningham ET Jr. Uveitis in children. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2000 Dec;8(4):251-61. Resumo

32. Margery-Muir AA, Bundell C, Nelson D, et al. Gender balance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev. 2017 Mar;16(3):258-68. Resumo

33. Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge M, et al. The incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the UK, 1999-2012. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Jan;75(1):136-41.Texto completo  Resumo

34. Michet CJ Jr, McKenna CH, Elveback LR, et al. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 through 1979. Mayo Clin Proc. 1985 Feb;60(2):105-13. Resumo

35. Flower C, Hennis AJ, Hambleton IR, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in an African Caribbean population: incidence, clinical manifestations, and survival in the Barbados National Lupus Registry. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 Aug;64(8):1151-8.Texto completo  Resumo

36. Hena KM. Sarcoidosis epidemiology: race matters. Front Immunol. 2020 Sep 15;11:537382.Texto completo  Resumo

37. American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society; World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders. Statement on sarcoidosis: joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG) adopted by the ATS Board of Directors and by the ERS Executive Committee, February 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Aug;160(2):736-55.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Saadoun D, Wechsler B. Behçet's disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012 Apr 12;7:20.Texto completo  Resumo

39. Lavezzo MM, Sakata VM, Morita C, et al. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: review of a rare autoimmune disease targeting antigens of melanocytes. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2016 Mar 24;11:29.Texto completo  Resumo

40. American Academy of Ophthalmology. ​Primary angle-closure disease preferred practice pattern. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

41. Chang MH, Shantha JG, Fondriest JJ, et al. Uveitis in children and adolescents. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2021 Nov;47(4):619-41.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Agrawal RV, Murthy S, Sangwan V, et al. Current approach in diagnosis and management of anterior uveitis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2010 Jan-Feb;58(1):11-9.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Terada Y, Kaburaki T, Takase H, et al. Distinguishing features of anterior uveitis caused by herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021 Jul;227:191-200. Resumo

44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ​Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for tuberculosis. Jan 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

45. Kalogeropoulos D, Sakkas H, Mohammed B, et al. Ocular toxoplasmosis: a review of the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Int Ophthalmol. 2022 Jan;42(1):295-321.Texto completo  Resumo

46. Jeroudi A, Yeh S. Diagnostic vitrectomy for infectious uveitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2014 Spring;54(2):173-97.Texto completo  Resumo

47. McKay KM, Jacobs DS. In vivo confocal microscopy of keratic precipitates in uveitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2019 Fall;59(4):95-103. Resumo

48. Kaburaki T, Fukunaga H, Tanaka R, et al. Retinal vascular inflammatory and occlusive changes in infectious and non-infectious uveitis. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2020 Mar;64(2):150-9. Resumo

49. Gueudry J, Muraine M. Anterior uveitis. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2018 Jan;41(1):e11-21. Resumo

50. Liu X, Kelly SR, Montesano G, et al. Evaluating the impact of uveitis on visual field progression using large-scale real-world data. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 Nov;207:144-50.Texto completo  Resumo

51. Vaze A, De Angelis RE, Simões M, et al. Optical coherence tomography findings in ocular syphilis involving the posterior segment of the eye. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2022 Aug;30(6):1464-70. Resumo

52. Liu XY, Peng XY, Wang S, et al. Features of optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Retina. 2016 Nov;36(11):2116-23. Resumo

53. Thillai M, Atkins CP, Crawshaw A, et al. BTS clinical statement on pulmonary sarcoidosis. Thorax. 2021 Jan;76(1):4-20.Texto completo  Resumo

54. The Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. Do not perform a serum ACE for the diagnosis or monitoring of sarcoidosis. ​Choosing Wisely Australia, an initiative of NPS MedicineWise. Jun 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

55. von Mühlen CA, Tan EM. Autoantibodies in the diagnosis of systemic rheumatic diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Apr;24(5):323-58. Resumo

56. Colucciello M. Ocular Lyme borreliosis. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 1;345(18):1350-1. Resumo

57. Ahram DF, Alward WL, Kuehn MH. The genetic mechanisms of primary angle closure glaucoma. Eye (Lond). 2015 Oct;29(10):1251-9.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Smith JR, Rosenbaum JT. Management of uveitis: a rheumatologic perspective. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Feb;46(2):309-18. Resumo

59. Foster CS, Kothari S, Anesi SD, et al. The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation preferred practice patterns of uveitis management. Surv Ophthalmol. 2016 Jan-Feb;61(1):1-17. Resumo

60. Mercieca K, Sanghvi C, Jones NP. Spontaneous sub-conjunctival haemorrhage in patients using long-term topical corticosteroids. Eye (Lond). 2010 Dec;24(12):1770-1.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Sen HN, Vitale S, Gangaputra SS, et al. Periocular corticosteroid injections in uveitis: effects and complications. Ophthalmology. 2014 Nov;121(11):2275-86.Texto completo  Resumo

62. Feldman-Billard S, Du Pasquier-Fediaevsky L, Héron E. Hyperglycemia after repeated periocular dexamethasone injections in patients with diabetes. Ophthalmology. 2006 Oct;113(10):1720-3. Resumo

63. Polski A, Liu KC, Gupta D, et al. Incident glaucoma and ocular hypertension after periocular and intravitreal steroid injections: a claims-based analysis. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2023 Dec 22;8(1):e001508.Texto completo  Resumo

64. José-Vieira R, Ferreira A, Menéres P, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravitreal and periocular injection of corticosteroids in noninfectious uveitis: a systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2022 Jul-Aug;67(4):991-1013. Resumo

65. Reichle ML. Complications of intravitreal steroid injections. Optometry. 2005 Aug;76(8):450-60. Resumo

66. Jaffe GJ, Martin D, Callanan D, et al. Fluocinolone acetonide implant (Retisert) for noninfectious posterior uveitis: thirty-four-week results of a multicenter randomized clinical study. Ophthalmology. 2006 Jun;113(6):1020-7. Resumo

67. American Academy of Ophthalmology. EyeWiki: treatment of uveitis​. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

68. Rice JB, White AG, Scarpati LM, et al. Long-term systemic corticosteroid exposure: a systematic literature review. Clin Ther. 2017 Nov;39(11):2216-29.Texto completo  Resumo

69. Losada I, Sartori L, Di Gianantonio E, et al. Bisphosphonates in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: can they be used in women of childbearing age? Autoimmun Rev. 2010 Jun;9(8):547-52. Resumo

70. Dick AD, Rosenbaum JT, Al-Dhibi HA, et al. Guidance on noncorticosteroid systemic immunomodulatory therapy in noninfectious uveitis: Fundamentals Of Care for UveitiS (FOCUS) Initiative. Ophthalmology. 2018 May;125(5):757-73.Texto completo  Resumo

71. Jabs DA. Immunosuppression for the uveitides. Ophthalmology. 2018 Feb;125(2):193-202.Texto completo  Resumo

72. Kempen JH, Altaweel MM, Holbrook JT, et al; Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial Research Group. Randomized comparison of systemic anti-inflammatory therapy versus fluocinolone acetonide implant for intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis: the multicenter uveitis steroid treatment trial. Ophthalmology. 2011 Oct;118(10):1916-26.Texto completo  Resumo

73. Reddy A, Liu SH, Brady CJ, et al. Corticosteroid implants for chronic non-infectious uveitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Aug 29;8(8):CD010469.Texto completo  Resumo

74. Kempen JH, Altaweel MM, Holbrook JT, et al; Writing Committee for the Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial and Follow-up Study Research Group. Association between long-lasting intravitreous fluocinolone acetonide implant vs systemic anti-inflammatory therapy and visual acuity at 7 years among patients with intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis. JAMA. 2017 May 16;317(19):1993-2005. Resumo

75. Edwards Mayhew RG, Li T, McCann P, et al. Non-biologic, steroid-sparing therapies for non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Oct 31;10(10):CD014831.Texto completo  Resumo

76. Cuchacovich M, Solanes F, Díaz G, et al. Comparison of the clinical efficacy of two different immunosuppressive regimens in patients with chronic Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2010 Jun;18(3):200-7. Resumo

77. Galor A, Jabs DA, Leder HA, et al. Comparison of antimetabolite drugs as corticosteroid-sparing therapy for noninfectious ocular inflammation. Ophthalmology. 2008 Oct;115(10):1826-32. Resumo

78. Murphy CC, Greiner K, Plskova J, et al. Cyclosporine vs tacrolimus therapy for posterior and intermediate uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 May;123(5):634-41.Texto completo  Resumo

79. Jaffe GJ, Dick AD, Brézin AP, et al. Adalimumab in patients with active noninfectious uveitis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Sep 8;375(10):932-43.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Nguyen QD, Merrill PT, Jaffe GJ, et al. Adalimumab for prevention of uveitic flare in patients with inactive non-infectious uveitis controlled by corticosteroids (VISUAL II): a multicentre, double-masked, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016 Sep 17;388(10050):1183-92. Resumo

81. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Adalimumab and dexamethasone for treating non-infectious uveitis. Jul 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

82. Liu W, Bai D, Kou L. Comparison of infliximab with adalimumab for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2023 May 29;23(1):240.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Renton WD, Jung J, Palestine AG. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Oct 14;10(10):CD013818.Texto completo  Resumo

84. Guan X, Zhao Z, Xin M, et al. Long-term efficacy, safety, and cumulative retention rate of antitumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment for patients with Behcet's uveitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2024 Feb;27(2):e15096. Resumo

85. Busto-Iglesias M, Rodríguez-Martínez L, Rodríguez-Fernández CA, et al. Perspectives of therapeutic drug monitoring of biological agents in non-infectious uveitis treatment: a review. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Feb 25;15(3):766.Texto completo  Resumo

86. Ng CC, Sy A, Cunningham ET Jr. Rituximab for non-infectious uveitis and scleritis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2021 Aug 16;11(1):23.Texto completo  Resumo

87. Miserocchi E, Modorati G, Berchicci L, et al. Long-term treatment with rituximab in severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016 Jun;100(6):782-6. Resumo

88. Ahmed A, Foster CS. Cyclophosphamide or rituximab treatment of scleritis and uveitis for patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Ophthalmic Res. 2019;61(1):44-50. Resumo

89. You C, Ma L, Lasave AF, et al. Rituximab induction and maintenance treatment in patients with scleritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's). Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2018;26(8):1166-73. Resumo

90. Chiam NP, Lim LL. Uveitis and gender: the course of uveitis in pregnancy. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:401915.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Bandoli G, Palmsten K, Forbess Smith CJ, et al. A review of systemic corticosteroid use in pregnancy and the risk of select pregnancy and birth outcomes. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;43(3):489-502.Texto completo  Resumo

92. Chambers CD, Johnson DL, Xu R, et al. Birth outcomes in women who have taken adalimumab in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0223603.Texto completo  Resumo

93. Ngathaweesuk Y, Hendrikse J, Groot-Mijnes JDF, et al. Causes of infectious pediatric uveitis: a review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2024 May-Jun;69(3):483-94.Texto completo  Resumo

94. Merrill PT, Clark WL, Banker AS, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravitreal sirolimus for noninfectious uveitis of the posterior segment: results from the sirolimus study assessing double-masked uveitis treatment (SAKURA) program. Ophthalmology. 2020 Oct;127(10):1405-15.Texto completo  Resumo

95. Hassan M, Sadiq MA, Ormaechea MS, et al. Utilisation of composite endpoint outcome to assess efficacy of tocilizumab for non-infectious uveitis in the STOP-Uveitis Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023 Aug;107(8):1197-201.Texto completo  Resumo

96. Ramanan AV, Guly CM, Keller SY, et al. Clinical effectiveness and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis or chronic anterior antinuclear antibody-positive uveitis: study protocol for an open-label, adalimumab active-controlled phase 3 clinical trial (JUVE-BRIGHT). Trials. 2021 Oct 9;22(1):689.Texto completo  Resumo

97. ​ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of brepocitinib in adults with active non-infectious non-anterior uveitis (NEPTUNE). Nov 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

98. Yeh S, Khurana RN, Shah M, et al. Efficacy and safety of suprachoroidal CLS-TA for macular edema secondary to noninfectious uveitis: phase 3 randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2020 Jul;127(7):948-55.Texto completo  Resumo

99. ​ClinicalTrials.gov. Ixekizumab for the management of refractory non-infectious uveitis: a proof-of-concept study. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

100. Rothova A, Suttorp-van Schulten MS, Frits Treffers W, et al. Causes and frequency of blindness in patients with intraocular inflammatory disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996 Apr;80(4):332-6.Texto completo  Resumo

101. Chen JL, Bhat P, Lobo-Chan AM. Perioperative management of uveitic cataracts. Adv Ophthalmol Optom. 2019 Aug;4:325-39.Texto completo  Resumo

102. Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision rehabilitation preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.Texto completo  Resumo

103. Gopalakrishnan S, Sudharshan S, Raman R, et al. Visual rehabilitation of patients with low vision in uveitis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019 Jan;67(1):101-4.Texto completo  Resumo