Síndrome de Cushing

Fleseriu M, Auchus R, Bancos I, et al. Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Dec;9(12):847-75.Texto completo  Resumo

Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW, et al. Treatment of Cushing’s syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Aug;100(8):2807-31.Texto completo  Resumo

Feelders RA, Newell-Price J, Pivonello R, et al. Advances in the medical treatment of Cushing's syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Apr;7(4):300-12. Resumo

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20. Brzana J, Yedinak CG, Hameed N, et al. Polycystic ovarian syndrome and Cushing's syndrome: a persistent diagnostic quandary. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014 Apr;175:145-8. Resumo

21. Fleseriu M, Auchus R, Bancos I, et al. Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Dec;9(12):847-75.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Nieman L. Cushing's: update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Oct;173(4):M33-8.Texto completo  Resumo

23. Galm BP, Qiao N, Klibanski A, et al. Accuracy of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jun 1;105(6):2081-94.Texto completo  Resumo

24. Carroll TB, Raff H, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol for the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome: a meta-analysis. Endocr Pract. 2009 May-Jun;15(4):335-42. Resumo

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26. Zhang Q, Dou J, Gu W, et al. Reassessing the reliability of the salivary cortisol assay for the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. J Int Med Res. 2013 Oct;41(5):1387-94.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Petersenn S, Newell-Price J, Findling JW, et al. High variability in baseline urinary free cortisol values in patients with Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014 Feb;80(2):261-9.Texto completo  Resumo

28. Elias PC, Martinez EZ, Barone BF, et al. Late-night salivary cortisol has a better performance than urinary free cortisol in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jun;99(6):2045-51.Texto completo  Resumo

29. Sandouk Z, Johnston P, Bunch D, et al. Variability of late-night salivary cortisol in Cushing disease: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Mar 1;103(3):983-90.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Keller J, Flores B, Gomez RG, et al. Cortisol circadian rhythm alterations in psychotic major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Aug 1;60(3):275-81. Resumo

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32. Raff H, Raff JL, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol as a screening test for Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Aug;83(8):2681-6.Texto completo  Resumo

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35. Grober Y, Grober H, Wintermark M, et al. Comparison of MRI techniques for detecting microadenomas in Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg. 2017 Apr 28:1-7. Resumo

36. Newell-Price J, Trainer P, Besser M, et al. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states. Endocr Rev. 1998 Oct;19(5):647-72.Texto completo  Resumo

37. Aron DC, Raff H, Findling JW. Effectiveness versus efficacy: the limited value in clinical practice of high dose dexamethasone suppression testing in the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Jun;82(6):1780-5.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Raff H, Findling JW. A physiologic approach to diagnosis of the Cushing syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Jun 17;138(12):980-91. Resumo

39. Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Nieman LK, et al. Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1991 Sep 26;325(13):897-905.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Doppman JL, Pass HI, Nieman LK, et al. Detection of ACTH-producing bronchial carcinoid tumors: MR imaging vs CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991 Jan;156(1):39-43.Texto completo  Resumo

41. Pacak K, Ilias I, Chen CC, et al. The role of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and (111)In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate-D-Phe-pentetreotide scintigraphy in the localization of ectopic adrenocorticotropin-secreting tumors causing Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2214-21.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Panagiotidis E, Alshammari A, Michopoulou S, et al. Comparison of the impact of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT on clinical management in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. J Nucl Med. 2017 Jan;58(1):91-6.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Santhanam P, Taieb D, Giovanella L, et al. PET imaging in ectopic Cushing syndrome: a systematic review. Endocrine. 2015 Nov;50(2):297-305. Resumo

44. Barrio M, Czernin J, Fanti S, et al. The impact of somatostatin receptor-directed PET/CT on the management of patients with neuroendocrine tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nucl Med. 2017 May;58(5):756-61. Resumo

45. Elenius H, McGlotten R, Hoang CD, et al. Prospective evaluation of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-DOPA PET scans in detecting tumors causing ectopic ACTH syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Feb 28:dgaf114. Resumo

46. Delivanis DA, Athimulam S, Bancos I. Modern management of mild autonomous cortisol secretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Dec;106(6):1209-21. Resumo

47. Fassnacht M, Tsagarakis S, Terzolo M, et al. European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines on the management of adrenal incidentalomas, in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023 Jul 20;189(1):G1-42.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Braun LT, Vogel F, Nowak E, et al. Frequency of clinical signs in patients with Cushing's syndrome and mild autonomous cortisol secretion: overlap is common. Eur J Endocrinol. 2024 Sep 30;191(4):473-9. Resumo

49. Masserini B, Morelli V, Bergamaschi S, et al. The limited role of midnight salivary cortisol levels in the diagnosis of subclinical hypercortisolism in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Jan;160(1):87-92.Texto completo  Resumo

50. Pivonello R, De Martino MC, Colao A. How should patients with adrenal incidentalomas be followed up? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 May;2(5):352-4. Resumo

51. Scaroni C, Zilio M, Foti M, et al. Glucose metabolism abnormalities in Cushing syndrome: from molecular basis to clinical management. Endocr Rev. 2017 Jun 1;38(3):189-219.Texto completo  Resumo

52. Steffensen C, Pereira AM, Dekkers OM, et al. Diagnosis of endocrine disease: prevalence of hypercortisolism in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016 Dec;175(6):R247-53.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Pivonello R, Isidori AM, De Martino MC, et al. Complications of Cushing's syndrome: state of the art. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016 Jul;4(7):611-29. Resumo

54. Dorn LD, Burgess ES, Dubbert B, et al. Psychopathology in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome: 'atypical' or melancholic features. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1995 Oct;43(4):433-42. Resumo

55. Bourdeau I, Bard C, Forget H, et al. Cognitive function and cerebral assessment in patients who have Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2005 Jun;34(2):357-69;ix. Resumo

56. van der Pas R, Leebeek FW, Hofland LJ, et al. Hypercoagulability in Cushing's syndrome: prevalence, pathogenesis and treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013 Apr;78(4):481-8.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Stuijver DJ, van Zaane B, Feelders RA, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with Cushing's syndrome: a multicenter cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Nov;96(11):3525-32.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Stratakis CA. Skin manifestations of Cushing's syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2016 Sep;17(3):283-6.Texto completo  Resumo

59. Pecori Giraldi F, Moro M, Cavagnini F, et al. Gender-related differences in the presentation and course of Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1554-8.Texto completo  Resumo

60. Carroll T, Raff H, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol measurement in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jun;4(6):344-50. Resumo

61. Elamin MB, Murad MH, Mullan R, et al. Accuracy of diagnostic tests for Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalyses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 May;93(5):1553-62.Texto completo  Resumo

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63. Varlamov E, Hinojosa-Amaya JM, Stack M, et al. Diagnostic utility of Gallium-68-somatostatin receptor PET/CT in ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors: a systematic literature review and single-center clinical experience. Pituitary. 2019 Oct;22(5):445-55. Resumo

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66. Swearingen B, Biller BM, Barker FG 2nd, et al. Long-term mortality after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease. Ann Intern Med. 1999 May 18;130(10):821-4. Resumo

67. Broersen LHA, Biermasz NR, van Furth WR, et al. Endoscopic vs. microscopic transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pituitary. 2018 Oct;21(5):524-34.Texto completo  Resumo

68. Hammer GD, Tyrrell JB, Lamborn KR, et al. Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing's disease: initial outcome and long-term results. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Dec;89(12):6348-57.Texto completo  Resumo

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114. De Tommasi C, Vance ML, Okonkwo DO, et al. Surgical management of adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting macroadenomas: outcome and challenges in patients with Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome. J Neurosurg. 2005 Nov;103(5):825-30. Resumo

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