Ao discutir o peso, recomenda-se uma linguagem que priorize a pessoa (por exemplo, criança com obesidade em vez de "criança obesa"), evitando preconceitos e estigmas relacionados ao peso.[43]Muth ND, Bolling C, Hannon T, et al. The role of the pediatrician in the promotion of healthy, active living. Pediatrics. 2024 Mar 1;153(3):e2023065480.
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/153/3/e2023065480/196676/The-Role-of-the-Pediatrician-in-the-Promotion-of
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38404207?tool=bestpractice.com
A mudança do estilo de vida é a base do tratamento da obesidade e deve utilizar a entrevista motivacional, além de outras técnicas.[3]Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):e2022060640.
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/151/2/e2022060640/190443/Clinical-Practice-Guideline-for-the-Evaluation-and?autologincheck=redirected
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36622115?tool=bestpractice.com
[
]
What are the benefits and harms of diet, physical activity, and behavioral interventions for overweight and obese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.1859/fullMostre-me a resposta O paciente deve ser aconselhado a limitar as bebidas açucaradas, os alimentos industrializados e fast foods, e diminuir os tamanhos das porções.[3]Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):e2022060640.
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/151/2/e2022060640/190443/Clinical-Practice-Guideline-for-the-Evaluation-and?autologincheck=redirected
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36622115?tool=bestpractice.com
[64]Speiser PW, Rudolf MC, Anhalt H, et al. Childhood obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Mar;90(3):1871-87.
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/90/3/1871/2837061
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15598688?tool=bestpractice.com
[101]Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Dec;54(24):1451-62.
https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/54/24/1451.full.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33239350?tool=bestpractice.com
[103]James J, Thomas P, Cavan D, et al. Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2004 May 22;328(7450):1237.
https://www.bmj.com/content/328/7450/1237.full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15107313?tool=bestpractice.com
[104]Chen L, Appel LJ, Loria C, et al. Reduction in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with weight loss: the PREMIER trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May;89(5):1299-306.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19339405?tool=bestpractice.com
[105]US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020-2025. 9th ed. Dec 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/resources/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials
As bebidas açucaradas e os alimentos industrializados devem ser retirados da casa. As refeições em família e as refeições realizadas em horários regulares devem ser incentivadas. As crianças devem consumir alimentos ricos em nutrientes, incluindo frutas, vegetais, grãos integrais, feijões, ervilhas, lentilhas, ovos, frutos do mar, nozes e sementes sem sal, laticínios sem gordura e com baixo teor de gordura e carnes magras (preparadas sem adição de açúcar, sal e gorduras saturadas).[105]US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020-2025. 9th ed. Dec 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/resources/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials
Os pacientes devem se exercitar por pelo menos 60 minutos por dia e reduzir o tempo de tela para menos de 1 hora por dia, para as crianças de 2 a 5 anos, ou um plano de uso de mídias monitorado pelos pais nas crianças maiores.[3]Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):e2022060640.
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/151/2/e2022060640/190443/Clinical-Practice-Guideline-for-the-Evaluation-and?autologincheck=redirected
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36622115?tool=bestpractice.com
O envolvimento da família é fundamental para o sucesso da manutenção ou da perda de peso.
Como as crianças ainda estão crescendo em altura, elas devem se concentrar na manutenção do peso em vez de perdê-lo (a menos que tenham obesidade acentuada).
CDC: tips to help children maintain a healthy weight
Opens in new window