Vacinas
Várias vacinas estão sendo desenvolvidas, incluindo partículas de vírus inativado purificadas, partículas semelhantes ao vírus e proteínas de subunidade viral, vacinas de vírus vivo atenuado, vacina quimérica e vetores virais e não virais que codificam proteínas estruturais do vírus da Zika.[196]Poland GA, Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, et al. Development of vaccines against Zika virus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Jul;18(7):e211-9.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(18)30063-X/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29396004?tool=bestpractice.com
[197]Barzon L, Palù G. Current views on Zika virus vaccine development. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017 Oct;17(10):1185-92.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14712598.2017.1346081
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644745?tool=bestpractice.com
[198]Marques ETA, Burke DS. Tradition and innovation in development of a Zika vaccine. Lancet. 2018 Feb 10;391(10120):516-7.
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)33107-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217377?tool=bestpractice.com
A vacina de vírus da Zika inativo purificado (ZPIV), uma vacina experimental, mostrou-se bem tolerada em um estudo de fase I.[199]Modjarrad K, Lin L, George SL, et al. Preliminary aggregate safety and immunogenicity results from three trials of a purified inactivated Zika virus vaccine candidate: phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Lancet. 2018 Feb 10;391(10120):563-71.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33106-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217375?tool=bestpractice.com
Uma vacina de ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) sintético (GLS-500) mostrou-se promissora em um ensaio de fase I.[200]Tebas P, Roberts CC, Muthumani K, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Zika virus DNA vaccine - preliminary report. N Engl J Med. 2021 Sep 16;385:e35.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1708120
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28976850?tool=bestpractice.com
Uma vacina de vírus vivo atenuado também se mostrou promissora em estudos animais.[201]Shan C, Muruato AE, Nunes BTD, et al. A live-attenuated Zika virus vaccine candidate induces sterilizing immunity in mouse models. Nat Med. Nat Med. 2017 Jun;23(6):763-7.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6276361
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28394328?tool=bestpractice.com
Outros candidatos vacinais se mostram promissores e estão atualmente em ensaios clínicos.[202]Pattnaik A, Sahoo BR, Pattnaik AK. Current status of Zika virus vaccines: successes and challenges. Vaccines (Basel). 2020 May 31;8(2):266.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7349928
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486368?tool=bestpractice.com
WHO: progress toward discovery of Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics
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Agentes antivirais
Enquanto não há nenhum tratamento específico antiviral disponível para infecção pelo vírus Zika, vários candidatos estão passando por triagem em ensaios de estágio inicial.[203]Eyer L, Nencka R, Huvarová I, et al. Nucleoside inhibitors of Zika virus. J Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 1;214(5):707-11.
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/05/26/infdis.jiw226.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27234417?tool=bestpractice.com
[204]Julander JG, Siddharthan V, Evans J, et al. Efficacy of the broad-spectrum antiviral compound BCX4430 against Zika virus in cell culture and in a mouse model. Antiviral Res. 2017 Jan;137:14-22.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5215849
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838352?tool=bestpractice.com
Agentes antivirais eficazes contra o vírus da hepatite C estão sendo testados e apresentaram atividade contra a polimerase do vírus Zika.[205]Elfiky AA. Zika viral polymerase inhibition using anti-HCV drugs both in market and under clinical trials. J Med Virol. 2016 Dec;88(12):2044-51.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.24678
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604059?tool=bestpractice.com
Medicamentos antimaláricos selecionados mostraram atividade contra o vírus Zika.[206]Balasubramanian A, Teramoto T, Kulkarni AA, et al. Antiviral activities of selected antimalarials against dengue virus type 2 and Zika virus. Antiviral Res. 2017 Jan;137:141-50.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27889529?tool=bestpractice.com
Um novo modelo de camundongo pode ajudar a explorar a possível atividade de vacinas e terapias contra o vírus Zika.[207]Manangeeswaran M, Ireland DD, Verthelyi D. Zika (PRVABC59) infection is associated with T cell infiltration and neurodegeneration in CNS of immunocompetent neonatal C57Bl/6 mice. PLoS Pathog. 2016 Nov 17;12(11):e1006004.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5113993
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27855206?tool=bestpractice.com