Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco
- início na primeira infância
- movimentos anormais
- sons vocais
- sensação premonitória ou "urgência"
- restante do exame neurológico normal
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- melhora dos sintomas quando focado em outras atividades
- agravamento dos sintomas sob estresse
- comportamentos ritualísticos
Fatores de risco
- sexo masculino
- idade entre 3 e 8 anos
- história familiar de ST ou de tiques
- história de TOC ou TDAH
- história familiar de TOC ou de TDAH
- tabagismo materno pré-natal
- estresse materno no primeiro trimestre e náuseas/vômitos graves
- baixo peso ao nascer
Investigações diagnósticas
Investigações a serem consideradas
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
- eletroencefalograma (EEG)
- escala de urgência premonitória de tiques (PUTS)
Algoritmo de tratamento
Colaboradores
Autores
Marco A. Grados, MD, MPH
Clinical Director
Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Division for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Johns Hopkins Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Declarações
MAG declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimentos
Dr Marco Grados would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Blanca Garcia-Delgar, Dr Barbara J. Coffey, Dr Victoria Chang and Dr Steven Frucht, the previous contributors to this topic.
Revisores
Anna Basu, BM, BCh, PhD, MA, MRCPCH
Specialised Registrar
Paediatric Neurology
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
Newcastle General Hospital
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
UK
Declarações
AB declares that she has no competing interests.
Jonathan Mink, MD, PhD
Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, Anatomy and Pediatrics
Chief Child Neurology
University of Rochester
Rochester
NY
Declarações
JM is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Referências
Principais artigos
Keen-Kim D, Freimer NB. Genetics and epidemiology of Tourette syndrome. J Child Neurol. 2006;21:665-671. Resumo
Mink JW. Neurobiology of basal ganglia and Tourette syndrome: basal ganglia circuits and thalamocortical outputs. Adv Neurol. 2006;99:89-98. Resumo
Whittington C, Pennant M, Kendall T, et al. Practitioner review: treatments for Tourette syndrome in children and young people - a systematic review. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016 May 2 [Epub ahead of print]. Resumo
Verdellen C, van de Griendt J, Hartmann A, et al; European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) Guidelines Group. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part III: behavioural and psychosocial interventions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;20:197-207.Texto completo Resumo
Dutta N, Cavanna AE. The effectiveness of habit reversal therapy in the treatment of Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders: a systematic review. Funct Neurol. 2013;28:7-12.Texto completo Resumo
Roessner V, Plessen KJ, Rothenberger A, et al; European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) Guidelines Group. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;20:173-196.Texto completo Resumo
Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Garcia-Ruiz PJ. Pharmacological options for the treatment of Tourette's disorder. Drugs. 2001;61:2207-2220. Resumo
Rizzo R, Gulisano M, Calì PV, et al. Tourette syndrome and comorbid ADHD: current pharmacological treatment options. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2013;17:421-428. Resumo
Müller-Vahl KR, Cath DC, Cavanna AE, et al; European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) Guidelines Group. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part IV: deep brain stimulation. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;20:209-217.Texto completo Resumo
Nangunoori R, Tomycz ND, Quigley M, et al. Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric diseases: a pooled analysis of published studies employing disease-specific standardized outcome scales. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2013;91:345-354.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
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