Colitis ulcerosa

World Gastroenterology Organisation. Global guidelines: inflammatory bowel disease. Aug 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

Rubin DT, Ananthakrishnan AN, Siegel CA, et al. ACG clinical guideline: ulcerative colitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Mar;114(3):384-413. Resumen

Feuerstein JD, Isaacs KL, Schneider Y, et al. AGA clinical practice guidelines on the management of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2020 Apr;158(5):1450-61.Texto completo  Resumen

Harbord M, Eliakim R, Bettenworth D, et al. Third European evidence-based consensus on diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis. Part 2: current management. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Jul 1;11(7):769-84.Texto completo  Resumen

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). Ulcerative colitis: management. May 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Colorectal cancer prevention: colonoscopic surveillance in adults with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or adenomas. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

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3. Collins P, Rhodes J. Ulcerative colitis: diagnosis and management. BMJ. 2006 Aug 12;333(7563):340-3. Resumen

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5. Roda G, Narula N, Pinotti R, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: proximal disease extension in limited ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Jun;45(12):1481-92. Resumen

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7. World Gastroenterology Organisation. Global guidelines: inflammatory bowel disease. Aug 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

8. Larsen S, Bendtzen K, Nielsen OH. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Ann Med. 2010 Mar;42(2):97-114. Resumen

9. Ardizzone S, Puttini PS, Cassinotti A, et al. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2008 Jul;40 Suppl 2:S253-9. Resumen

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11. Ng SC, Zeng Z, Niewiadomski O, et al; Asia-Pacific Crohn’s and Colitis Epidemiology Study (ACCESS) Group. Early course of inflammatory bowel disease in a population-based inception cohort study from 8 countries in Asia and Australia. Gastroenterology. 2016 Jan;150(1):86-95. Resumen

12. Childers RE, Eluri S, Vazquez C, et al. Family history of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis. 2014 Nov;8(11):1480-97.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Ardizzone S, Bianchi Porro G. Inflammatory bowel disease: new insights into pathogenesis and treatment. J Intern Med. 2002 Dec;252(6):475-96.Texto completo  Resumen

14. Moller FT, Andersen V, Wohlfahrt J, et al. Familial risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study 1977-2011. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Apr;110(4):564-71. Resumen

15. Jostins L, Ripke S, Weersma RK, et al. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature. 2012 Nov 1;491(7422):119-24.Texto completo  Resumen

16. Liu JZ, van Sommeren S, Huang H, et al. Association analyses identify 38 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease and highlight shared genetic risk across populations. Nat Genet. 2015 Sep;47(9):979-86. Resumen

17. Sartor RB. Mechanisms of disease: pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Jul;3(7):390-407. Resumen

18. Kucharzik T, Maaser C, Lügering A, et al. Recent understanding of IBD pathogenesis: implications for future therapies. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Nov;12(11):1068-83. Resumen

19. Yantiss RK, Odze RD. Diagnostic difficulties in inflammatory bowel disease pathology. Histopathology. 2006 Jan;48(2):116-32. Resumen

20. Nayar M, Rhodes JM. Management of inflammatory bowel disease. Postgrad Med J. 2004 Apr;80(942):206-13.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Takeuchi K, Smale S, Premchand P, et al. Prevalence and mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced clinical relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Feb;4(2):196-202. Resumen

22. Birrenbach T, Böcker U. Inflammatory bowel disease and smoking: a review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic implications. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004 Nov;10(6):848-59. Resumen

23. Rubin DT, Ananthakrishnan AN, Siegel CA, et al. ACG clinical guideline: ulcerative colitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Mar;114(3):384-413. Resumen

24. Le Berre C, Honap S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet. 2023 Aug 12;402(10401):571-84. Resumen

25. Gros B, Kaplan GG. Ulcerative colitis in adults: a review. JAMA. 2023 Sep 12;330(10):951-65. Resumen

26. Palmela C, Peerani F, Castaneda D, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review of the phenotype and associated specific features. Gut Liver. 2018 Jan 15;12(1):17-29.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Maaser C, Sturm A, Vavricka SR, et al. ECCO-ESGAR guideline for diagnostic assessment in IBD part 1: initial diagnosis, monitoring of known IBD, detection of complications. J Crohns Colitis. 2019 Feb 1;13(2):144-64.Texto completo  Resumen

28. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Faecal calprotectin diagnostic tests for inflammatory diseases of the bowel. Oct 2013 [internet publication].Texto completo

29. Deputy M, Devanaboina R, Al Bakir I, et al. The role of faecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. BMJ. 2023 Feb 13;380:e068947.

30. Poullis A, Foster R, Northfield TC, et al. Review article: faecal markers in the assessment of activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Apr;16(4):675-81.Texto completo  Resumen

31. Croft A, Lord A, Radford-Smith G. Markers of systemic inflammation in acute attacks of ulcerative colitis: what level of C-reactive protein constitutes severe colitis? J Crohns Colitis. 2022 Aug 4;16(7):1089-96.Texto completo  Resumen

32. Magro F, Langner C, Driessen A, et al; European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation; European Society of Pathology. European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2013 Nov;7(10):827-51.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Lamb CA, Kennedy NA, Raine T, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut. 2019 Dec;68(suppl 3):s1-106.Texto completo  Resumen

34. Mowat C, Cole A, Windsor A, et al. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut. 2011 May;60(5):571-607. Resumen

35. Buchner AM, Farraye FA, Iacucci M. AGA clinical practice update on endoscopic scoring systems in inflammatory bowel disease: commentary. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Nov;22(11):2188-96.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Chavannes M, Dolinger MT, Cohen-Mekelburg S, et al. AGA clinical practice update on the role of intestinal ultrasound in inflammatory bowel disease: commentary. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Sep;22(9):1790-95.e1.Texto completo  Resumen

37. Shergill AK, Lightdale JR, Bruining DH, et al; American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Standards of Practice Committee. The role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 May;81(5):1101-21;e13.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018;56(12):2015-38. Resumen

39. Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and established and evolving therapies. Lancet. 2007 May 12;369(9573):1641-57. Resumen

40. Vavricka SR, Rogler G, Gantenbein C, et al. Chronological order of appearance of extraintestinal manifestations relative to the time of IBD diagnosis in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015 Aug;21(8):1794-800.Texto completo  Resumen

41. Vavricka SR, Brun L, Ballabeni P, et al. Frequency and risk factors for extraintestinal manifestations in the Swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan;106(1):110-9. Resumen

42. Wędrychowicz A, Zając A, Tomasik P. Advances in nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases: review. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Jan 21;22(3):1045-66.Texto completo  Resumen

43. Kirschner B. Indeterminate colitis/inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBD-U). In: Guandalini S, Dhawan A, Branski D, eds. Textbook of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition. Cham: Springer; 2016:335-40.

44. Soni S, Srirajaskanthan R, Lucas SB, et al. Lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis masquerading as inflammatory bowel disease in 12 homosexual men. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jul;32(1):59-65.Texto completo  Resumen

45. Singh S, Loftus EV Jr, Limketkai BN, et al. AGA living clinical practice guideline on pharmacological management of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2024 Dec;167(7):1307-43.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Feuerstein JD, Isaacs KL, Schneider Y, et al. AGA clinical practice guidelines on the management of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2020 Apr;158(5):1450-61.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Harbord M, Eliakim R, Bettenworth D, et al. Third European evidence-based consensus on diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis. Part 2: current management. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Jul 1;11(7):769-84.Texto completo  Resumen

48. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). Ulcerative colitis: management. May 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

49. Williams JG, Alam MF, Alrubaiy L, et al. Infliximab versus ciclosporin for steroid-resistant acute severe ulcerative colitis (CONSTRUCT): a mixed methods, open-label, pragmatic randomised trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Sep;1(1):15-24.Texto completo  Resumen

50. Sternthal MB, Murphy SJ, George J, et al. Adverse events associated with the use of cyclosporine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr;103(4):937-43. Resumen

51. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Ozanimod for treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

52. D'Haens G, Dubinsky M, Kobayashi T, et al. Mirikizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jun 29;388(26):2444-55.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Vickers AD, Ainsworth C, Mody R, et al. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: comparative efficacy of biologics in the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. PLoS One. 2016 Oct 24;11(10):e0165435.Texto completo  Resumen

54. Archer R, Tappenden P, Ren S, et al. Infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab for treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis after the failure of conventional therapy (including a review of TA140 and TA262): clinical effectiveness systematic review and economic model. Health Technol Assess. 2016 May;20(39):1-326.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Marano C, et al. Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):85-95.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Marano C, et al. Subcutaneous golimumab maintains clinical response in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):96-109;e1.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Reinisch W, Sandborn WJ, Rutgeerts P, et al. Long-term infliximab maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: the ACT-1 and -2 extension studies. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012 Feb;18(2):201-11. Resumen

58. Huang X, Lv B, Jin HF, et al. A meta-analysis of the therapeutic effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockers on ulcerative colitis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;67(8):759-66. Resumen

59. Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, Sands BE, et al; GEMINI 1 Study Group. Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 22;369(8):699-710.Texto completo  Resumen

60. Engel T, Ungar B, Yung DE, et al. Vedolizumab in IBD-lessons from real-world experience; a systematic review and pooled analysis. J Crohns Colitis. 2018 Jan 24;12(2):245-57.Texto completo  Resumen

61. Bickston SJ, Behm BW, Tsoulis DJ, et al. Vedolizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Aug 8;(8):CD007571.Texto completo  Resumen

62. Cholapranee A, Hazlewood GS, Kaplan GG, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: comparative efficacy of biologics for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis controlled trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 May;45(10):1291-302.Texto completo  Resumen

63. Colombel JF, Sands BE, Rutgeerts P, et al. The safety of vedolizumab for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gut. 2017 May;66(5):839-51.Texto completo  Resumen

64. Danese S, Sands BE, O'Brien CD, et al. DOP54 efficacy and safety of ustekinumab through week 16 in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis randomised to ustekinumab: results from the UNIFI induction trial. J Crohns Colitis. 2019 Mar;13(suppl 1):S061-2.Texto completo

65. Sandborn WJ, Sands BE, Panaccione R, et al. OP37 efficacy and safety of ustekinumab as maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis: week 44 results from UNIFI. J Crohns Colitis. 2019 Mar;13(suppl 1):S025-6.Texto completo

66. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. ​Mirikizumab for treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

67. Frei P, Biedermann L, Nielsen OH, et al. Use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb 21;19(7):1040-8.Texto completo  Resumen

68. Lemaitre M, Kirchgesner J, Rudnichi A, et al. Association between use of thiopurines or tumor necrosis factor antagonists alone or in combination and risk of lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. JAMA. 2017 Nov 7;318(17):1679-86.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Long MD, Kappelman MD, Pipkin CA. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: a review. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 Jun;17(6):1423-7.Texto completo  Resumen

70. Hutson JR, Matlow JN, Moretti ME, et al. The fetal safety of thiopurines for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2013 Jan;33(1):1-8. Resumen

71. Primrose N, Johnston E. Prescribing for pregnancy: inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Ther Bull. 2022 Feb;60(2):24-8. Resumen

72. Relling MV, Gardner EE, Sandborn WJ, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Mar;89(3):387-91. [Erratum in: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Dec;90(6):894.]Texto completo  Resumen

73. Cummins D, Sekar M, Halil O, et al. Myelosuppression associated with azathioprine-allopurinol interaction after heart and lung transplantation. Transplantation. 1996 Jun 15;61(11):1661-2.Texto completo  Resumen

74. Sparrow MP. Use of allopurinol to optimize thiopurine immunomodulator efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2008 Jul;4(7):505-11.Texto completo  Resumen

75. Wall GC, Muktar H, Effken C, et al. Addition of allopurinol for altering thiopurine metabolism to optimize therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Feb;38(2):259-70. Resumen

76. Houwen JPA, Egberts ACG, de Boer A, et al. Influence of allopurinol on thiopurine associated toxicity: a retrospective population-based cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021 May;87(5):2333-40.Texto completo  Resumen

77. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, D'Haens G, et al. Ozanimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Sep 30;385(14):1280-91.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Sandborn WJ, Vermeire S, Peyrin-Biroulet L, et al. Etrasimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (ELEVATE): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies. Lancet. 2023 Apr 8;401(10383):1159-71.Texto completo  Resumen

79. Matsuoka K, Hibi T. Etrasimod for ulcerative colitis: evaluating phase III results. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Dec;20(12):762-3.

80. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. ​Etrasimod for treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in people aged 16 and over. Mar 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

81. Sandborn WJ, Su C, Sands BE, et al; OCTAVE Induction 1, OCTAVE Induction 2, and OCTAVE Sustain Investigators. Tofacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 4;376(18):1723-36.Texto completo  Resumen

82. Bonovas S, Lytras T, Nikolopoulos G, et al. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: comparative assessment of tofacitinib and biological therapies for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Feb;47(4):454-65. Resumen

83. Singh S, Fumery M, Sandborn WJ, et al. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: first- and second-line pharmacotherapy for moderate-severe ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Jan;47(2):162-75. Resumen

84. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tofacitinib for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. November 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

85. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Upadacitinib for treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Jan 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

86. Razanskaite V, Bettey M, Downey L, et al. Biosimilar infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease: outcomes of a managed switching programme. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Jun 1;11(6):690-6.Texto completo  Resumen

87. Lasa JS, Olivera PA, Danese S, et al. Efficacy and safety of biologics and small molecule drugs for patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Feb;7(2):161-70. Resumen

88. Food and Drug Administration. FDA requires warnings about increased risk of serious heart-related events, cancer, blood clots, and death for JAK inhibitors that treat certain chronic inflammatory conditions. Sept 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

89. ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety study of tofacitinib versus tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (NCT02092467). August 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

90. European Medicines Agency. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi): EMA confirms measures to minimise risk of serious side effects with Janus kinase inhibitors for chronic inflammatory disorders. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

91. Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency. Drug safety update: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors: new measures to reduce risks of major cardiovascular events, malignancy, venous thromboembolism, serious infections and increased mortality. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

92. Colombel JF, Narula N, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Management strategies to improve outcomes of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2017 Feb;152(2):351-61;e5. Resumen

93. Colombel JF, D'haens G, Lee WJ, et al. Outcomes and strategies to support a treat-to-target approach in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review. J Crohns Colitis. 2020 Feb 10;14(2):254-66.Texto completo  Resumen

94. Lee SD, Shivashankar R, Quirk D, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring for current and investigational inflammatory bowel disease treatments. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2021 Mar 1;55(3):195-206.Texto completo  Resumen

95. Feuerstein JD, Nguyen GC, Kupfer SS, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2017 Sep;153(3):827-34.Texto completo  Resumen

96. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Germain A, Patel AS, et al. Systematic review: outcomes and post-operative complications following colectomy for ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Oct;44(8):807-16.Texto completo  Resumen

97. Sandborn WJ, Travis S, Moro L, et al. Once-daily budesonide MMX® extended-release tablets induce remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: results from the CORE I study. Gastroenterology. 2012 Nov;143(5):1218-26;e2.Texto completo  Resumen

98. Sherlock ME, MacDonald JK, Griffiths AM, et al. Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Oct 26;(10):CD007698.Texto completo  Resumen

99. Bonovas S, Nikolopoulos GK, Lytras T, et al. Comparative safety of systemic and low-bioavailability steroids in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Feb;84(2):239-51.Texto completo  Resumen

100. Bezzio C, Fascì-Spurio F, Viganò C, et al. The problem of adherence to therapy in ulcerative colitis and the potential utility of multi-matrix system (MMX) technology. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Jan;11(1):33-41. Resumen

101. Feagan BG, Danese S, Loftus EV Jr, et al. Filgotinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (SELECTION): a phase 2b/3 double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2021 Jun 19;397(10292):2372-84. Resumen

102. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). Filgotinib for treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. June 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

103. Radin M, Sciascia S, Roccatello D, et al. Infliximab biosimilars in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review. BioDrugs. 2017 Feb;31(1):37-49. Resumen

104. Sandborn WJ. Preliminary data on the use of apheresis in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Jan;12(suppl 1):S15-21. Resumen

105. Habermalz B, Sauerland S. Clinical effectiveness of selective granulocyte, monocyte adsorptive apheresis with the Adacolumn device in ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2010 May;55(5):1421-8. Resumen

106. Zhu M, Xu X, Nie F, et al. The efficacy and safety of selective leukocytapheresis in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2011 Aug;26(8):999-1007. Resumen

107. Vecchi M, Vernia P, Riegler G, et al. Therapeutic landscape for ulcerative colitis: where is the Adacolumn(®) system and where should it be? Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan;6:1-7.Texto completo  Resumen

108. Lai YM, Yao WY, He Y, et al. Adsorptive granulocyte and monocyte apheresis in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: the first multicenter study in China. Gut Liver. 2017 Mar 15;11(2):216-25.Texto completo  Resumen

109. Chen XL, Mao JW, Wang YD. Selective granulocyte and monocyte apheresis in inflammatory bowel disease: Its past, present and future. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2020 May 12;11(3):43-56.Texto completo  Resumen

110. Rosenfeld G, Parker CE, MacDonald JK, et al. Etrolizumab for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Dec 2;(12):CD011661.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Sandborn WJ, Vermeire S, Tyrrell H, et al. Etrolizumab for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: an overview of the phase 3 clinical program. Adv Ther. 2020 Jul;37(7):3417-31.Texto completo  Resumen

112. Rubin DT, Dotan I, DuVall A, et al. Etrolizumab versus adalimumab or placebo as induction therapy for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (HIBISCUS): two phase 3 randomised, controlled trials. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jan;7(1):17-27. Resumen

113. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Hart A, Bossuyt P, et al. Etrolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis in patients previously treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (HICKORY): a phase 3, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Feb;7(2):128-40.Texto completo  Resumen

114. Gordon M, Sinopoulou V, Grafton-Clarke C, et al. Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 May 18;(5):CD013743.Texto completo  Resumen

115. Sandborn WJ, Bosworth B, Zakko S, et al. Budesonide foam induces remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis and ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. Gastroenterology. 2015 Apr;148(4):740-50;e2.Texto completo  Resumen

116. Zeng J, Lv L, Mei ZC. Budesonide foam for mild to moderate distal ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Mar;32(3):558-66. Resumen

117. Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Kaur L, Gordon M, et al. Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Mar 4;(3):CD007443.Texto completo  Resumen

118. Do VT, Baird BG, Kockler DR, et al. Probiotics for maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis in adults. Ann Pharmacother. 2010 Mar;44(3):565-71. Resumen

119. Ma JC, Zhang XL. Efficacy of probiotic agents in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis: a meta analysis. World Chin J Digestol. 2008;16(36):4123-7.

120. Kaur L, Gordon M, Baines PA, et al. Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Mar 4;(3):CD005573.Texto completo  Resumen

121. Sang LX, Chang B, Zhang WL, et al. Remission induction and maintenance effect of probiotics on ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Apr 21;16(15):1908-15. Resumen

122. Van Assche G, Manguso F, Zibellini M, et al. Oral prolonged release beclomethasone dipropionate and prednisone in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: results from a double-blind, randomized, parallel group study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 May;110(5):708-15. Resumen

123. Zhao X, Li N, Ren Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of beclomethasone dipropionate versus 5-aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016 Aug 8;11(8):e0160500.Texto completo  Resumen

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