Estima-se que 64 milhões de pessoas tenham glaucoma no mundo todo, das quais aproximadamente 11% têm deficiência visual moderada a grave (DVMG) ou cegueira.[2]Flaxman SR, Bourne RRA, Resnikoff S, et al. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Dec;5(12):e1221-34.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(17)30393-5/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29032195?tool=bestpractice.com
[3]Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, et al. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014 Nov;121(11):2081-90.
https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(14)00433-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24974815?tool=bestpractice.com
Os dois principais tipos de glaucoma, de ângulo aberto e de ângulo fechado, representam cerca de metade de todos os casos.[4]International Council of Ophthalmology. ICO guidelines for glaucoma eye care. Feb 2016 [internet publication].
https://icoph.org/eye-care-delivery/glaucoma
O glaucoma é a principal causa de cegueira irreversível e a segunda maior causa de DVMG irreversível.[5]GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Feb;9(2):e144-e160.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(20)30489-7/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33275949?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]World Health Organization. Blindness and vision impairment. Aug 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment
As estimativas sugerem que a deficiência visual poderia ter sido evitada, ou ainda não foi abordada, em 7.7 milhões de casos no mundo todo.[5]GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Feb;9(2):e144-e160.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(20)30489-7/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33275949?tool=bestpractice.com
O glaucoma de ângulo aberto é o tipo mais comum de glaucoma nos países ocidentais.[4]International Council of Ophthalmology. ICO guidelines for glaucoma eye care. Feb 2016 [internet publication].
https://icoph.org/eye-care-delivery/glaucoma
Nos EUA, ele afeta 9 em cada 10 pessoas com glaucoma.[7]US National Eye Institute. Types of glaucoma. Sep 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma/types-glaucoma
O glaucoma de ângulo aberto é a principal causa irreversível de cegueira entre negros.[8]American Academy of Ophthalmology. Primary open-angle glaucoma preferred practice pattern. Nov 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.aao.org/education/preferred-practice-pattern/primary-open-angle-glaucoma-ppp
[9]Friedman DS, Wolfs RC, O'Colmain BJ, et al. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004 Apr;122(4):532-8.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/416231
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15078671?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Sommer A, Tielsch JM, Katz J, et al. Racial differences in the cause-specific prevalence of blindness in east Baltimore. N Engl J Med. 1991 Nov 14;325(20):1412-7.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199111143252004
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1922252?tool=bestpractice.com
A prevalência de glaucoma de ângulo aberto é três vezes maior em pessoas afro-americanas e hispânicas de ascendência mexicana em comparação com pessoas brancas não hispânicas.[8]American Academy of Ophthalmology. Primary open-angle glaucoma preferred practice pattern. Nov 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.aao.org/education/preferred-practice-pattern/primary-open-angle-glaucoma-ppp
[11]World Health Organization. World report on vision. Oct 2019 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241516570
[12]American Academy of Ophthalmology. Primary open-angle glaucoma suspect preferred practice pattern. Nov 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.aao.org/education/preferred-practice-pattern/primary-open-angle-glaucoma-suspect-ppp
O glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto é prevalente na África (4.2%) e na América Latina/Caribe (3.65%).[3]Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, et al. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014 Nov;121(11):2081-90.
https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(14)00433-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24974815?tool=bestpractice.com