Vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D status by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration

Definitions regarding optimal serum concentrations vary according to the source used.[1]Giustina A, Adler RA, Binkley N, et al. Controversies in vitamin D: summary statement from an international conference. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Feb 1;104(2):234-40. https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/104/2/234/5148139 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30383226?tool=bestpractice.com [2]Fuleihan Gel-H, Bouillon R, Clarke B, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: variability, knowledge gaps, and the concept of a desirable range. J Bone Miner Res. 2015 Jul;30(7):1119-33. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbmr.2536 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25952470?tool=bestpractice.com

The author’s preferred criteria are as follows:[3]Hossein-Nezhad A, Holick MF. Vitamin D for health: a global perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Jul;88(7):720-55. http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(13)00404-7/fulltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23790560?tool=bestpractice.com

• Deficiency: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nanomoles/L (≤20 nanograms/mL)

• Insufficiency: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D between 52 and 72 nanomoles/L (21 and 29 nanograms/mL)

• Sufficiency: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D between 75 and 250 nanomoles/L (30 and 100 nanograms/mL)

• Intoxication: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D >374 nanomoles/L (>150 nanograms/mL)

The Endocrine Society in 2024 no longer endorses specific 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations to define vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency, and deficiency.[4]Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD, et al. Vitamin D for the prevention of disease: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Jul 12;109(8):1907-47. https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/109/8/1907/7685305?login=false http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38828931?tool=bestpractice.com