Geralmente recomenda-se para a hipertensão essencial o controle do peso, do estresse e a adesão a uma dieta rica em frutas e vegetais e pobre em gorduras animais, particularmente de gorduras saturadas. Não se sabe se essas recomendações são benéficas na hipertensão gestacional.
Nas mulheres em países em desenvolvimento com baixa ingestão basal de cálcio alimentar, demonstrou-se que a suplementação alimentar com cálcio previne a pré-eclâmpsia e o nascimento prematuro e aumenta o peso ao nascer.[19]Hofmeyr GJ, Lawrie TA, Atallah ÁN, et al. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 1;(10):CD001059.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001059.pub5/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30277579?tool=bestpractice.com
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How effective is calcium supplementation during pregnancy in preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.2350/fullMostre-me a resposta A suplementação de cálcio alimentar para a prevenção de distúrbios hipertensivos na gestação só é recomendada em contextos de pesquisa.[20]World Health Organization. WHO recommendation on calcium supplementation before pregnancy for the prevention of pre-eclampsia and its complications. Apr 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003118
Os agentes antiplaquetários durante a gestação reduzem a incidência e a gravidade da pré-eclâmpsia.[1]American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 222: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Jun 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2020/06/gestational-hypertension-and-preeclampsia
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32443077?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Knight M, Bunch K, Patel R, et al, eds; MBRRACE-UK. Saving lives, improving mothers’ care core report - lessons learned to inform maternity care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2018-20. Oxford: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford; 2022.
https://www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/assets/downloads/mbrrace-uk/reports/maternal-report-2022/MBRRACE-UK_Maternal_MAIN_Report_2022_v10.pdf
[6]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Apr 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng133
[21]Rolnik DL, Wright D, Poon LC, et al. Aspirin versus placebo in pregnancies at high risk for preterm preeclampsia. N Engl J Med. 2017 Aug 17;377(7):613-22.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1704559
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28657417?tool=bestpractice.com
[22]Duley L, Meher S, Hunter KE, et al. Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Oct 30;(10):CD004659.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004659.pub3/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31684684?tool=bestpractice.com
[23]Henderson JT, Vesco KK, Senger CA, et al. Aspirin use to prevent preeclampsia and related morbidity and mortality: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2021 Sep 28;326(12):1192-206.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2784500
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34581730?tool=bestpractice.com
As mulheres com alto risco de pré-eclâmpsia (inclui distúrbio hipertensivo durante gestação anterior, gestações multifetais, hipertensão crônica, doença renal, doença autoimune como lúpus eritematoso sistêmico ou síndrome antifosfolipídica e diabetes do tipo 1 ou 2) devem tomar 75-150 mg de aspirina diariamente, iniciando entre 12 semanas e 28 semanas de gestação, e idealmente antes de 16 semanas de gestação, até o nascimento do bebê.[1]American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 222: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Jun 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2020/06/gestational-hypertension-and-preeclampsia
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32443077?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Apr 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng133
[24]World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antiplatelet agents for the prevention of pre-eclampsia. Dec 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240037540
[25]US Preventive Services Task Force final recommendation statement. Aspirin use to prevent preeclampsia and related morbidity and mortality: preventive medication. Sep 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication
[26]American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG committee opinion no. 743: low-dose aspirin use during pregnancy. Jul 2018 [internet publication].
https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2018/07/low-dose-aspirin-use-during-pregnancy