As medidas de prevenção primária são limitadas para os indivíduos imunocompetentes. Os viajantes devem limitar a exposição à poeira de ambientes externos nas áreas endêmicas; durante tempestades de poeira, devem ficar em ambientes internos e fechar as janelas. Nos ambientes internos podem-se usar medidas de filtração do ar.[8]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections and diseases - coccidioidomycosis/valley fever. May 2023 [internet publication].
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/coccidioidomycosis-valley-fever
As pessoas com HIV que moram ou visitam áreas endêmicas são particularmente incentivadas a prestarem atenção aos conselhos acima, além de evitarem longos períodos de exposição a solo nativo revolto (por exemplo, em locais de escavação para construção).[23]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Jul 2025 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
O teste sorológico para coccidioidomicose é recomendado em pessoas com HIV que já viajaram ou viveram em áreas endêmicas.[23]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Jul 2025 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
Testes anuais a semestrais devem ser considerados para aqueles que vivem atualmente em áreas endêmicas.[23]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Jul 2025 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
A profilaxia primária com fluconazol é indicada para pessoas com HIV com teste sorológico positivo para coccidioidomicose; contagens de CD4 <250 células/microlitro; e ausência de sinais, sintomas ou anormalidades laboratoriais compatíveis com doença coccidioide.[23]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Jul 2025 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
A profilaxia primária pode ser descontinuada quando a contagem de CD4 for ≥250 células/microlitro e quando a supressão viral for documentada.[23]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Jul 2025 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
Para pessoas com contagens de CD4 já ≥250/microlitro e recebendo terapia antirretroviral (TAR) para supressão viral, a profilaxia primária com terapia antifúngica não é indicada, e recomenda-se acompanhamento clínico estrito, somente.[23]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Jul 2025 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new