Estado de mal epiléptico

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National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. Jan 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

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34. Crawshaw AA, Cock HR. Medical management of status epilepticus: emergency room to intensive care unit. Seizure. 2020 Feb;75:145-52.Texto completo  Resumo

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42. Neligan A, Shorvon SD. Prognostic factors, morbidity and mortality in tonic-clonic status epilepticus: a review. Epilepsy Res. 2011 Jan;93(1):1-10. Resumo

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44. Treiman DM. Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2007 Sep 17;339(12):792-8. Resumo

45. Glatstein M, Carbell G, Scolnik D, et al. Pyridoxine for the treatment of isoniazid-induced seizures in intentional ingestions: the experience of a national poison center. Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Oct;36(10):1775-8. Resumo

46. Kalviainen R, Eriksson K, Parviainen I. Refractory generalised convulsive status epilepticus: a guide to treatment. CNS Drugs. 2005;19(9):759-68. Resumo

47. Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY, et al; Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group. A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 1998 Sep 17;339(12):792-8.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Silbergleit R, Durkalski V, Lowenstein D, et al. Intramuscular versus intravenous therapy for prehospital status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2012 Feb 16;366(7):591-600.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Wheless JW, Clarke DF, Arzimanoglou A, et al. Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: European expert opinion, 2007. Epileptic Disord. 2007 Dec;9(4):353-412. Resumo

50. Gaínza-Lein M, Sánchez Fernández I, Jackson M, et al. Association of time to treatment with short-term outcomes for pediatric patients with refractory convulsive status epilepticus. JAMA Neurol. 2018 Apr 1;75(4):410-8.Texto completo  Resumo

51. Osorio I, Reed RC. Treatment of refractory generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus with pentobarbital anesthesia after high-dose phenytoin. Epilepsia. 1989 Jul-Aug;30(4):464-71. Resumo

52. Kapur J, Elm J, Chamberlain JM, et al. Randomized trial of three anticonvulsant medications for status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 28;381(22):2103-13.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Chamberlain JM, Kapur J, Shinnar S, et al. Efficacy of levetiracetam, fosphenytoin, and valproate for established status epilepticus by age group (ESETT): a double-blind, responsive-adaptive, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2020 Apr 11;395(10231):1217-24.Texto completo  Resumo

54. Lyttle MD, Rainford NEA, Gamble C, et al. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of paediatric convulsive status epilepticus (EcLiPSE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet. 2019 May 25;393(10186):2125-34.Texto completo  Resumo

55. Dalziel SR, Borland ML, Furyk J, et al. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children (ConSEPT): an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 May 25;393(10186):2135-45. Resumo

56. Trinka E, Höfler J, Leitinger M, et al. Pharmacotherapy for status epilepticus. Drugs. 2015 Sep;75(13):1499-521.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Vasile B, Rasulo F, Candiani A, et al. The pathophysiology of propofol infusion syndrome: a simple name for a complex syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2003 Sep;29(9):1417-25. Resumo

58. Parviainen I, Uusaro A, Kalviainen R, et al. High-dose thiopental in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus in intensive care unit. Neurology. 2002 Oct 22;59(8):1249-51. Resumo

59. Woodward MR, Kardon A, Manners J, et al. Comparison of induction agents for rapid sequence intubation in refractory status epilepticus: a single-center retrospective analysis. Epilepsy Behav Rep. 2024;25:100645.Texto completo  Resumo

60. Shorvon S, Ferlisi M. The treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus: a critical review of available therapies and a clinical treatment protocol. Brain. 2011 Oct;134(pt 10):2802-18. Resumo

61. Cornwall CD, Krøigård T, Kristensen JSS, et al. Outcomes and treatment approaches for super-refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2023 Jul 31;80(9):959-68.Texto completo  Resumo

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63. Pack AM, Oskoui M, Williams Roberson S, et al. Teratogenesis, perinatal, and neurodevelopmental outcomes after in utero exposure to antiseizure medication: practice guideline from the AAN, AES, and SMFM. Neurology. 2024 Jun;102(11):e209279.Texto completo  Resumo

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65. Bromley R, Adab N, Bluett-Duncan M, et al. Monotherapy treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy: congenital malformation outcomes in the child. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Aug 29;8(8):CD010224.Texto completo  Resumo

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67. Towne AR, Garnett LK, Waterhouse EJ, et al. The use of topiramate in refractory status epilepticus. Neurology. 2003 Jan 28;60(2):332-4. Resumo

68. Welling LC, Rabelo NN, Yoshikawa MH, et al. Efficacy of topiramate as an add-on therapy in patients with refractory status epilepticus: a short systematic review. [in por]. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2021 Oct 25;33(3):440-4.Texto completo  Resumo

69. Inokuchi R, Ohashi-Fukuda N, Nakamura K, et al. Comparison of intranasal and intravenous diazepam on status epilepticus in stroke patients: a retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Feb;94(7):e555.Texto completo  Resumo

70. Pieribone VA, Tsai J, Soufflet C, et al. Clinical evaluation of ganaxolone in pediatric and adolescent patients with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2007 Oct;48(10):1870-4. Resumo

71. Vaitkevicius H, Ramsay RE, Swisher CB, et al. Intravenous ganaxolone for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus: results from an open-label, dose-finding, phase 2 trial. Epilepsia. 2022 Sep;63(9):2381-91.Texto completo  Resumo

72. Rosenthal ES, Claassen J, Wainwright MS, et al. Brexanolone as adjunctive therapy in super-refractory status epilepticus. Ann Neurol. 2017 Sep;82(3):342-52.Texto completo  Resumo

73. Thakur KT, Probasco JC, Hocker SE, et al. Ketogenic diet for adults in super-refractory status epilepticus. Neurology. 2014 Feb 25;82(8):665-70.Texto completo  Resumo

74. Cervenka MC, Hocker S, Koenig M, et al. Phase I/II multicenter ketogenic diet study for adult superrefractory status epilepticus. Neurology. 2017 Mar 7;88(10):938-43.Texto completo  Resumo

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89. Jambaque I, Hertz-Pannier L, Mikaeloff Y, et al. Severe memory impairment in a child with bihippocampal injury after status epilepticus. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 Mar;48(3):223-6.Texto completo  Resumo

90. Hawkes MA, Hocker SE. Systemic complications following status epilepticus. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2018 Feb 7;18(2):7. Resumo

91. Hocker S, Nagarajan E, Rabinstein AA, et al. Progressive brain atrophy in super-refractory status epilepticus. JAMA Neurol. 2016 Oct 1;73(10):1201-7.Texto completo  Resumo

92. Gramstad A, Power KN, Engelsen BA. Neuropsychological performance 1 year after status epilepticus in adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2021 Apr 21;36(3):329-38. Resumo

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