Melanoma

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: melanoma - cutaneous [internet publication].Texto completo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Melanoma: assessment and management. Jul 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Seth R, Agarwala SS, Messersmith H, et al. Systemic therapy for melanoma: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Oct 20;41(30):4794-820.Texto completo  Resumo

Amaral T, Ottaviano M, Arance A, et al. Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2025 Jan;36(1):10-30.Texto completo  Resumo

Vogelbaum MA, Brown PD, Messersmith H, et al. Treatment for brain metastases: ASCO-SNO-ASTRO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Feb 10;40(5):492-516.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, et al. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023 Jan;73(1):17-48.Texto completo  Resumo

2. World Health Organization. ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics. 2C30 melanoma of skin. 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

3. El Sharouni MA, van Diest PJ, Witkamp AJ, et al. Subtyping cutaneous melanoma matters. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2020 Dec;4(6):pkaa097.Texto completo  Resumo

4. Cress RD, Holly EA, Ahn DK, et al. Cutaneous melanoma in women: anatomic distribution in relation to sun exposure and phenotype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995 Dec;4(8):831-6.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Singh P, Kim HJ, Schwartz RA. Superficial spreading melanoma: an analysis of 97702 cases using the SEER database. Melanoma Res. 2016 Aug;26(4):395-400. Resumo

6. Menzies SW, Moloney FJ, Byth K, et al. Dermoscopic evaluation of nodular melanoma. JAMA Dermatol. 2013 Jun;149(6):699-709.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Shaikh WR, Xiong M, Weinstock MA. The contribution of nodular subtype to melanoma mortality in the United States, 1978 to 2007. Arch Dermatol. 2012 Jan;148(1):30-6.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Bradford PT, Goldstein AM, McMaster ML, et al. Acral lentiginous melanoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1986-2005. Arch Dermatol. 2009 Apr;145(4):427-34.Texto completo  Resumo

9. Cancer Research UK. Melanoma skin cancer incidence statistics [internet publication].Texto completo

10. National Cancer Institute. SEER. Cancer stat facts: melanoma of the skin [internet publication].Texto completo

11. The Australasian College of Dermatologists. Impact of skin cancer in Australia​. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

12. World Cancer Research Fund. Skin cancer statistics [internet publication].Texto completo

13. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: melanoma - cutaneous [internet publication].Texto completo

14. Smith J, Cust AE, Lo SN. Risk factors for subsequent primary melanoma in patients with previous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2024 Jan 23;190(2):174-83.Texto completo  Resumo

15. Colantonio S, Bracken MB, Beecker J. The association of indoor tanning and melanoma in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 May;70(5):847-57. Resumo

16. Khan AQ, Travers JB, Kemp MG. Roles of UVA radiation and DNA damage responses in melanoma pathogenesis. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2018 Jun;59(5):438-60.Texto completo  Resumo

17. Kwa M, Ravi M, Elhage K, et al. The risk of ultraviolet exposure for melanoma in Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV: a 20-year systematic review with meta-analysis for sunburns. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2025 Jul;39(7):1239-53. Resumo

18. Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza MS, et al. Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: III. Family history, actinic damage and phenotypic factors. Eur J Cancer. 2005 Sep;41(14):2040-59. Resumo

19. Taibo A, Paradela S, Suanzes-Hernández J, et al. Prognosis of CDKN2A germline mutation in patients with familial melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Melanoma Res. 2024 Feb 1;34(1):9-15. Resumo

20. Soura E, Eliades PJ, Shannon K, et al. Hereditary melanoma: update on syndromes and management: genetics of familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Mar;74(3):395-407; quiz 408-10.Texto completo  Resumo

21. Greene MH, Clark WH Jr, Tucker MA, et al. Acquired precursors of cutaneous malignant melanoma: the familial dysplastic nevus syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1985 Jan 10;312(2):91-7. Resumo

22. Weatherhead SC, Haniffa M, Lawrence CM. Melanomas arising from naevi and de novo melanomas - does origin matter? Br J Dermatol. 2007 Jan;156(1):72-6. Resumo

23. Shitara D, Nascimento MM, Puig S, et al. Nevus-associated melanomas: clinicopathologic features. Am J Clin Pathol. 2014 Oct;142(4):485-91.Texto completo  Resumo

24. Pandeya N, Kvaskoff M, Olsen CM, et al. Factors related to nevus-associated cutaneous melanoma: a case-case study. J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Aug;138(8):1816-24.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Radhi JM. Malignant melanoma arising from nevi, p53, p16, and Bcl-2: expression in benign nevus versus malignant components. J Cutan Med Surg. 1999 Oct;3(6):293-7. Resumo

26. Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Genomic classification of cutaneous melanoma. Cell. 2015 Jun 18;161(7):1681-96.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Lee JH, Choi JW, Kim YS. Frequencies of BRAF and NRAS mutations are different in histological types and sites of origin of cutaneous melanoma: a meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2011 Apr;164(4):776-84. Resumo

28. Long GV, Menzies AM, Nagrial AM, et al. Prognostic and clinicopathologic associations of oncogenic BRAF in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Apr 1;29(10):1239-46.Texto completo  Resumo

29. Jakob JA, Bassett RL Jr, Ng CS, et al. NRAS mutation status is an independent prognostic factor in metastatic melanoma. Cancer. 2012 Aug 15;118(16):4014-23.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Menzies AM, Haydu LE, Visintin L, et al. Distinguishing clinicopathologic features of patients with V600E and V600K BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jun 15;18(12):3242-9.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Hocker T, Tsao H. Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma: a systematic review and analysis of reported sequence variants. Hum Mutat. 2007 Jun;28(6):578-88. Resumo

32. Bogenrieder T, Herlyn M. The molecular pathology of cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Biomark. 2010;9(1-6):267-86. Resumo

33. High WA, Robinson WA. Genetic mutations involved in melanoma: a summary of our current understanding. Adv Dermatol. 2007;23:61-79. Resumo

34. Alonso SR, Ortiz P, Pollan M, et al. Progression in cutaneous malignant melanoma is associated with distinct expression profiles: a tissue microarray-based study. Am J Pathol. 2004 Jan;164(1):193-203. Resumo

35. English DR, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, et al. Sunlight and cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1997 May;8(3):271-83. Resumo

36. Dennis LK, Vanbeek MJ, Beane Freeman LE, et al. Sunburns and risk of cutaneous melanoma: does age matter? A comprehensive meta-analysis. Ann Epidemiol. 2008 Aug;18(8):614-27.Texto completo  Resumo

37. Gilchrest BA, Eller MS, Geller AC, et al. The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation. N Engl J Med. 1999 Apr 29;340(17):1341-8. Resumo

38. Elwood JM, Jospson J. Melanoma and sun exposure: an overview of published studies. Int J Cancer. 1997 Oct 9;73(2):198-203. Resumo

39. Hemminki K, Zhang H, Czene K. Familial and attributable risks in cutaneous melanoma: effects of proband and age. J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Feb;120(2):217-23.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Goldstein AM, Chan M, Harland M, et al. Features associated with germline CDKN2A mutations: a GenoMEL study of melanoma-prone families from three continents. J Med Genet. 2007 Feb;44(2):99-106.Texto completo  Resumo

41. van der Leest RJ, Liu L, Coebergh JW, et al. Risk of second primary in situ and invasive melanoma in a Dutch population-based cohort: 1989-2008. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;167(6):1321-30. Resumo

42. Tucker MA, Elder DE, Curry M, et al. Risks of melanoma and other cancers in melanoma-prone families over 4 decades. J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Jul;138(7):1620-26.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza MS, et al. Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: I. Common and atypical naevi. Eur J Cancer. 2005 Jan;41(1):28-44.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Kanzler MH, Mraz-Gernhard S. Primary cutaneous malignant melanoma and its precursor lesions: diagnostic and therapeutic overview. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Aug;45(2):260-76. Resumo

45. Scard C, Aubert H, Wargny M, et al. Risk of melanoma in congenital melanocytic nevi of all sizes: a systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023 Jan;37(1):32-9.Texto completo  Resumo

46. Swerdlow AJ, English JS, Qiao Z. The risk of melanoma in patients with congenital nevi: a cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Apr;32(4):595-9. Resumo

47. Olsen CM, Knight LL, Green AC. Risk of melanoma in people with HIV/AIDS in the pre- and post-HAART eras: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 16;9(4):e95096.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Robbins HA, Clarke CA, Arron ST, et al. Melanoma risk and survival among organ transplant recipients. J Invest Dermatol. 2015 Nov;135(11):2657-65.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Kraemer KH, Lee MM, Scotto J. Xeroderma pigmentosum. Cutaneous, ocular, and neurologic abnormalities in 830 published cases. Arch Dermatol. 1987 Feb;123(2):241-50. Resumo

50. Alonso-Belmonte C, Montero-Vilchez T, Arias-Santiago S, et al. Current state of skin cancer prevention: a systematic review. [in spa]. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2022 Sep;113(8):781-791.Texto completo  Resumo

51. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Skin cancer: melanoma of the skin statistics. Jul 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

52. Abbasi NR, Shaw HM, Rigel DS, et al. Early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma: revisiting the ABCD criteria. JAMA. 2004 Dec 8;292(22):2771-6. Resumo

53. Greene MH, Clark WH Jr, Tucker MA, et al. High risk of malignant melanoma in melanoma-prone families with dysplastic nevi. Ann Intern Med. 1985 Apr;102(4):458-65. Resumo

54. Psaty EL, Scope A, Halpern AC, et al. Defining the patient at high risk for melanoma. Int J Dermatol. 2010 Apr;49(4):362-76.Texto completo  Resumo

55. McGovern TW, Litaker MS. Clinical predictors of malignant pigmented lesions. A comparison of the Glasgow seven-point checklist and the American Cancer Society's ABCDs of pigmented lesions. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1992 Jan;18(1):22-6. Resumo

56. Grob JJ, Bonerandi JJ. The ugly duckling sign: identification of the common characteristics of nevi in an individual as a basis for melanoma screening. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Jan;134(1):103-4. Resumo

57. Kalkhoran S, Milne O, Zalaudek I, et al. Historical, clinical, and dermoscopic characteristics of thin nodular melanoma. Arch Dermatol. 2010 Mar;146(3):311-8.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Ronger S, Touzet S, Ligeron C, et al. Dermoscopic examination of nail pigmentation. Arch Dermatol. 2002 Oct;138(10):1327-33. Resumo

59. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Melanoma: assessment and management. Jul 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

60. Koblinski JE, Ahrns HT, Morse MJ, et al. Dermoscopy for the identification of amelanotic acral melanoma. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2022 Mar 16;112(1):20-184.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Williams NM, Rojas KD, Reynolds JM, et al. Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopic structures and patterns used in melanoma detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2021 Sep 1;157(9):1078-88.Texto completo  Resumo

62. Lan J, Wen J, Cao S, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy for amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2020 Aug;183(2):210-9. Resumo

63. Vestergaard ME, Macaskill P, Holt PE, et al. Dermoscopy compared with naked eye examination for the diagnosis of primary melanoma: A meta-analysis of studies performed in a clinical setting. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Sep;159(3):669-76. Resumo

64. Menzies SW, Zalaudek I. Why perform dermoscopy? The evidence for its role in the routine management of pigmented skin lesions. Arch Dermatol. 2006 Sep;142(9):1211-2. Resumo

65. Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, et al, eds. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2017.

66. Cancer Council Australia.​ Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of melanoma. Apr 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

67. Breslow A. Thickness, cross-sectional areas and depth of invasion in the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg. 1970 Nov;172(5):902-8.Texto completo  Resumo

68. Davis LE, Shalin SC, Tackett AJ. Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment. Cancer Biol Ther. 2019;20(11):1366-79.Texto completo  Resumo

69. Dinehart MS, Dinehart SM, Sukpraprut-Braaten S, et al. Immunohistochemistry utilization in the diagnosis of melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2020 May;47(5):446-50. Resumo

70. Ivan D, Prieto VG. Use of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions: applications and pitfalls. Future Oncol. 2010 Jul;6(7):1163-75. Resumo

71. Bui CM, Vuong HG, Le MK, et al. Clinical implication of PRAME immunohistochemistry in differentiating melanoma in situ and dysplastic nevus in non-acral nevus-associated melanoma in situ: an institutional experience and meta-analysis. J Cutan Pathol. 2024 Oct;51(10):783-9. Resumo

72. Garbe C, Amaral T, Peris K, et al. European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: diagnostics - update 2024. Eur J Cancer. 2025 Jan 17;215:115152.Texto completo  Resumo

73. Lezcano C, Jungbluth AA, Busam KJ. Immunohistochemistry for PRAME in dermatopathology. Am J Dermatopathol. 2023 Nov 1;45(11):733-47. Resumo

74. Long GV, Wilmott JS, Capper D, et al. Immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of V600E BRAF mutation in melanoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013 Jan;37(1):61-5. Resumo

75. Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jun 30;364(26):2507-16.Texto completo  Resumo

76. Gutiérrez-Castañeda LD, Nova JA, Tovar-Parra JD. Frequency of mutations in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT in different populations and histological subtypes of melanoma: a systemic review. Melanoma Res. 2020 Feb;30(1):62-70.Texto completo  Resumo

77. Sellyn GE, Lopez AA, Ghosh S, et al. High-frequency ultrasound accuracy in preoperative cutaneous melanoma assessment: a meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2025 Jan;39(1):86-96.Texto completo  Resumo

78. Liu ZF, Sylivris A, Wu J, et al. Ultrasound surveillance in melanoma management: bridging diagnostic promise with real-world adherence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2024 Jul;25(4):513-25. Resumo

79. Xing Y, Bronstein Y, Ross MI, et al. Contemporary diagnostic imaging modalities for the staging and surveillance of melanoma patients: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 Jan 19;103(2):129-42.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, et al. Final trial report of sentinel-node biopsy versus nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014 Feb 13;370(7):599-609. Resumo

81. Swetter SM, Tsao H, Bichakjian CK, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of primary cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Jan;80(1):208-50.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Xu J, Zhao J, Wang J, et al. Prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase for melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Apr 9;100(14):e25318.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Thai KE, Young R, Sinclair RD. Nail apparatus melanoma. Australas J Dermatol. 2001 May;42(2):71-81. Resumo

84. Smoller BR. Histologic criteria for diagnosing primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. Mod Pathol. 2006 Feb;19 Suppl 2:S34-40.Texto completo  Resumo

85. Clark WH Jr, From L, Bernardino EA, et al. The histogenesis and biologic behavior of primary human malignant melanomas of the skin. Cancer Res. 1969 Mar;29(3):705-27.Texto completo  Resumo

86. US Preventive Services Task Force. Skin cancer: screening​. April 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

87. Johansson M, Brodersen J, Gøtzsche PC, et al. Screening for reducing morbidity and mortality in malignant melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 3;6(6):CD012352.Texto completo  Resumo

88. Martin RA, Weinstock MA, Risica PM, et al. Factors associated with thorough skin self-examination for the early detection of melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007 Sep;21(8):1074-81. Resumo

89. Lens MB, Nathan P, Bataille V. Excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma: updated pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Surg. 2007 Sep;142(9):885-91. Resumo

90. Utjés D, Malmstedt J, Teras J, et al. 2-cm versus 4-cm surgical excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma thicker than 2 mm: long-term follow-up of a multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet. 2019 Aug 10;394(10197):471-7. Resumo

91. Cohn-Cedermark G, Rutqvist LE, Andersson R, et al. Long term results of a randomized study by the Swedish Melanoma Study Group on 2-cm versus 5-cm resection margins for patients with cutaneous melanoma with a tumor thickness of 0.8-2.0 mm. Cancer. 2000 Oct 1;89(7):1495-501. Resumo

92. Wong E, Axibal E, Brown M. Mohs micrographic surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2019 Feb;27(1):15-34. Resumo

93. Bednar ED, Zon M, Abu-Hilal M. Morbidity and mortality of melanoma on the trunk and extremities treated with Mohs surgery versus wide excision: a systematic review. Dermatol Surg. 2022 Jan 1;48(1):1-6. Resumo

94. Pride RLD, Miller CJ, Murad MH, et al. Local recurrence of melanoma is higher after wide local excision versus Mohs micrographic surgery or staged excision: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Surg. 2022 Feb 1;48(2):164-70. Resumo

95. Algarin YA, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Ruiz E, et al. Advances in topical treatments of cutaneous malignancies. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2023 Jan;24(1):69-80. Resumo

96. Scarfì F, Patrizi A, Veronesi G, et al. The role of topical imiquimod in melanoma cutaneous metastases: A critical review of the literature. Dermatol Ther. 2020 Nov;33(6):e14165.Texto completo  Resumo

97. Valsecchi ME, Silbermins D, de Rosa N, et al. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with melanoma: a meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Apr 10;29(11):1479-87. Resumo

98. Seth R, Agarwala SS, Messersmith H, et al. Systemic therapy for melanoma: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Oct 20;41(30):4794-820.Texto completo  Resumo

99. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pembrolizumab for adjuvant treatment of resected stage 2B or 2C melanoma. Oct 2022 [internet publication].​Texto completo

100. Luke JJ, Rutkowski P, Queirolo P, et al. LBA3_PR - Pembrolizumab versus placebo after complete resection of high-risk stage II melanoma: efficacy and safety results from the KEYNOTE-716 double-blind phase III trial. Ann Oncol. 2021 Sep;32(suppl 5):S1283-346.

101. ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab compared to placebo in resected high-risk stage II melanoma (MK-3475-716/KEYNOTE-716). Sep 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

102. Luke JJ, Rutkowski P, Queirolo P, et al. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in completely resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma (KEYNOTE-716): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2022 Apr 30;399(10336):1718-29. Resumo

103. Long GV, Luke JJ, Khattak MA, et al. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma (KEYNOTE-716): distant metastasis-free survival results of a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Nov;23(11):1378-88. Resumo

104. Luke JJ, Ascierto PA, Khattak MA, et al. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma: final analysis of distant metastasis-free survival in the phase III KEYNOTE-716 study. J Clin Oncol. 2024 May 10;42(14):1619-24.Texto completo  Resumo

105. Gong Y, Liu Y, Jiang F, et al. Ocular immune-related adverse events associated with PD-1 inhibitors: from molecular mechanisms to clinical management. Semin Ophthalmol. 2025 May;40(4):288-305. Resumo

106. Martínez Campayo N, Paradela de la Morena S, Pértega-Díaz S, et al. Prognostic significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in elderly with cutaneous melanoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol. 2024 Jul;63(7):873-80. Resumo

107. Patel SP, Othus M, Chen Y, et al. Neoadjuvant-adjuvant or adjuvant-only pembrolizumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2023 Mar 2;388(9):813-23.Texto completo  Resumo

108. ClinicalTrials.gov​. Neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy for stage III melanoma. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

109. Menzies AM, Amaria RN, Rozeman EA, et al. Pathological response and survival with neoadjuvant therapy in melanoma: a pooled analysis from the International Neoadjuvant Melanoma Consortium (INMC). Nat Med. 2021 Feb;27(2):301-9. Resumo

110. Long GV, Saw RPM, Lo S, et al. Neoadjuvant dabrafenib combined with trametinib for resectable, stage IIIB-C, BRAF(V600) mutation-positive melanoma (NeoCombi): a single-arm, open-label, single-centre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Jul;20(7):961-71. Resumo

111. Gorry C, McCullagh L, O'Donnell H, et al. Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 17;1(1):CD012974.Texto completo  Resumo

112. Long GV, Menzies AM, Scolyer RA. Neoadjuvant checkpoint immunotherapy and melanoma: the time is now. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun 10;41(17):3236-48.Texto completo  Resumo

113. Blank CU, Lucas MW, Scolyer RA, et al. Neoadjuvant nivolumab and ipilimumab in resectable stage III melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2024 Nov 7;391(18):1696-708. Resumo

114. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pembrolizumab for adjuvant treatment of completely resected stage 3 melanoma. Feb 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

115. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Nivolumab for adjuvant treatment of completely resected melanoma with lymph node involvement or metastatic disease. Mar 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

116. Pérez-Morales J, Broman KK, Bettampadi D, et al. Recurrence patterns for regionally metastatic melanoma treated in the era of adjuvant therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2023 Apr;30(4):2364-74. Resumo

117. Bersanelli M, Petrelli F, Buti S, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in adjuvant setting after radical resection of melanoma: a meta-analysis of the pivotal trials. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 May 31;18(3):1902723.Texto completo  Resumo

118. Weber J, Mandala M, Del Vecchio M, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab versus ipilimumab in resected stage III or IV melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 9;377(19):1824-35.Texto completo  Resumo

119. Eggermont AMM, Blank CU, Mandala M, et al. Adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo in resected stage III melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 10;378(19):1789-801.Texto completo  Resumo

120. Eggermont AMM, Blank CU, Mandala M, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of AJCC-8 staging in the phase III EORTC1325/KEYNOTE-054 trial of pembrolizumab vs placebo in resected high-risk stage III melanoma. Eur J Cancer. 2019 Jul;116:148-57. Resumo

121. Eggermont AMM, Blank CU, Mandalà M, et al. Adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo in resected stage III melanoma (EORTC 1325-MG/KEYNOTE-054): distant metastasis-free survival results from a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021 May;22(5):643-54. Resumo

122. Long GV, Hauschild A, Santinami M, et al. Adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib in stage III BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 9;377(19):1813-23.Texto completo  Resumo

123. Hauschild A, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, et al. Longer follow-up confirms relapse-free survival benefit with adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with resected BRAF V600-mutant stage III melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Dec 10;36(35):3441-9.Texto completo  Resumo

124. Dummer R, Hauschild A, Santinami M, et al. Five-year analysis of adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib in stage III melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2020 Sep 17;383(12):1139-48.Texto completo  Resumo

125. Maio M, Lewis K, Demidov L, et al. Adjuvant vemurafenib in resected, BRAFV600 mutation-positive melanoma (BRIM8): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018 Apr;19(4):510-20. Resumo

126. Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Five-year survival with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 17;381(16):1535-46.Texto completo  Resumo

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