A SOPC afeta cerca de 6% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva nos EUA e na Europa, com base nos critérios de 1990 do National Institutes of Health, 10% a 15% das mulheres com base nos critérios da Androgen Excess and PCOS Society e 10% a 20% das mulheres com base nos critérios de 2003 de Rotterdam.[7]Bozdag G, Mumusoglu S, Zengin D, et al. The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2016 Dec;31(12):2841-55.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27664216?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Chiaffarino F, Cipriani S, Dalmartello M, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in European countries and USA: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2022 Dec;279:159-70.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36343588?tool=bestpractice.com
Taxas semelhantes são relatadas na China (10%) e no México (6%), sugerindo que a prevalência não varia entre etnias ou diferentes regiões do mundo.[9]Wu Q, Gao J, Bai D, et al. The prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in Chinese women: a meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Jan;10(1):74-87.
https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/61035/html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33545750?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Wolf WM, Wattick RA, Kinkade ON, et al. Geographical prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome as determined by region and race/ethnicity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 20;15(11):2589.
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/11/2589
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30463276?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Lizneva D, Suturina L, Walker W, et al. Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2016 Jul;106(1):6-15.
https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(16)61232-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27233760?tool=bestpractice.com
Parece haver diferenças no fenótipo da SOPC dentro e entre países.[8]Chiaffarino F, Cipriani S, Dalmartello M, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in European countries and USA: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2022 Dec;279:159-70.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36343588?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Joham AE, Norman RJ, Stener-Victorin E, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Sep;10(9):668-80.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35934017?tool=bestpractice.com
Por exemplo, estudos relatam maior comprometimento da situação glicoregulatória em mulheres hispânicas em comparação com mulheres brancas nos EUA, e taxas mais baixas de SOPC ovulatória nos EUA em comparação com a Europa.[8]Chiaffarino F, Cipriani S, Dalmartello M, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in European countries and USA: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2022 Dec;279:159-70.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36343588?tool=bestpractice.com
[13]Kazemi M, Kim JY, Wan C, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of disparities in cardiometabolic and reproductive risk between Hispanic and White women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Feb;226(2):187-204.e15.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34384776?tool=bestpractice.com
A frequência relatada de hirsutismo é menor no Leste Asiático e maior entre indígenas australianos.[7]Bozdag G, Mumusoglu S, Zengin D, et al. The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2016 Dec;31(12):2841-55.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27664216?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Lizneva D, Suturina L, Walker W, et al. Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2016 Jul;106(1):6-15.
https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(16)61232-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27233760?tool=bestpractice.com
Não houve estudos prospectivos que documentassem as taxas de incidência de SOPC.
A SOPC representa de 80% a 90% dos casos de hiperandrogenismo em mulheres. Em uma ampla série de mulheres que apresentavam excesso de androgênio ou disfunção ovulatória, aproximadamente 80% apresentaram SOPC, 3% apresentaram síndrome hiperandrogenismo-resistência insulínica-acantose nigricans, 1.5% apresentou hiperplasia adrenal não clássica com deficiência de 21-hidroxilase, 0.6% apresentou hiperplasia adrenal clássica com deficiência de 21-hidroxilase e 0.2% apresentou tumores secretores de androgênio.[14]Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, et al. Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Feb;89(2):453-62.
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/89/2/453/2840734
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764747?tool=bestpractice.com
Homens em famílias com SOPC podem ter manifestações que incluem excesso de pelos, alopecia de padrão masculino prematura, níveis elevados de sulfato de desidroepiandrosterona, respostas hormonais anormais ao teste dinâmico e aberrações na sensibilidade e na secreção insulínica.[15]Sam S, Sung YA, Legro RS. Evidence for pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism. 2008 Jan;57(1):84-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18078863?tool=bestpractice.com
[16]Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Demers L, et al. Elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels as the reproductive phenotype in the brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May;87(5):2134-8.
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/87/5/2134/2846926
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11994353?tool=bestpractice.com