Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- genitales atípicos sin gónadas palpables
- genitales atípicos con una gónada palpable
- genitales atípicos con gónadas palpables bilateralmente
- longitud del pene <2.5 cm en un varón fenotípico
- clítoris >1 cm en un lactante de fenotipo femenino
- hipospadias y testículos que no han descendido, o separación de los sacos escrotales
- abertura uretral en la base del pene
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- análisis cromosómicos (cariotipo)
- electrolitos séricos y glucosa
- ultrasonido pélvico
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- 17-hidroxiprogesterona sérica
- actividad de la renina plasmática
- 11-desoxicortisol y 11-desoxicorticosterona séricos
- testosterona en suero
- dihidrotestosterona sérica
- hormona luteinizante (LH) y hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH) séricas
- prueba de estimulación con hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH).
- prueba de estimulación con gonadotropina coriónica humana (hCG)
- hormona antimülleriana (HAM)
- perfil de esteroides en orina
Algoritmo de tratamiento
Colaboradores
Autores
Justin H Davies, MD, FRCPCH, MRCP
Consultant Paediatric Endocrinologist
Hon. Associate Professor
University of Southampton
Southampton
UK
Divulgaciones
JD is associate editor for the Journal of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism; has travel bursaries from SANDOZ, Kwyo Kyrin, and Novo Nordisk; and has developed educational materials for Kwyo Kyrin. JD completed tenure as chair of the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology in Nov 2020.
Agradecimientos
Dr Justin Davies would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gemma Watts and Dr Ingrid A. Holm, previous contributors to this topic. IAH and GW declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores por pares
Paul Saenger, MD, MACE
Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology)
Montefiore Medical Center
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
New York
NY
Divulgaciones
PS declares that he has no competing interests.
Mary M. Lee, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Cell Biology
Vice-Chair of Academic Affairs in Pediatrics
Pediatric Endocrine Division
UMass Medical School
Worcester
MA
Divulgaciones
MML declares that she has no competing interests.
Patricia Y. Fechner, MD
Associate Professor Pediatrics
Pediatric Endocrinology
University of WA
Medical Director of DSD Program
Seattle Children’s Hospital
Seattle
WA
Divulgaciones
PYF declares that she has no competing interests.
Referencias
Artículos principales
Lee PA, Nordenström A, Houk CP, et al. Global disorders of sex development update since 2006: perceptions, approach and care. Horm Res Paediatr. 2016 Jan 28;85(3):158-80.Texto completo Resumen
Cools M, Nordenström A, Robeva R, et al. Caring for individuals with a difference of sex development (DSD): a Consensus Statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018 Jul;14(7):415-29.Texto completo Resumen
Lee PA, Houk CP, Ahmed SF, et al. Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders: International Consensus Conference on Intersex. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e488-e500. Resumen
MacLaughlin DT, Donahoe PK. Sex determination and differentiation. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan 22;350(4):367-78. Resumen
Lambert SM, Vilain EJ, Kolon TF. A practical approach to ambiguous genitalia in the newborn period. Urol Clin North Am. 2010 May;37(2):195-205. Resumen
Davies JH, Cheetham T. Recognition and assessment of atypical and ambiguous genitalia in the newborn. Arch Dis Child. 2017 Apr 25 [Epub ahead of print]. Resumen
Chavhan GB, Parra DA, Oudjhane K, et al. Imaging of ambiguous genitalia: classification and diagnostic approach. Radiographics. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(7):1891-904. Resumen
Brain CE, Creighton SM, Mushtaq I, et al. Holistic management of DSD. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr;24(2):335-54.Texto completo Resumen
Mieszczak J, Houk CP, Lee PA. Assignment of the sex of rearing in the neonate with a disorder of sex development. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009 Aug;21(4):541-7. Resumen
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible aquí.
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