Differentials

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MaagklachtenPublished by: NHGLast published: 2025

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Clinical signs and symptoms may be similar.

INVESTIGATIONS

Peptic ulcer disease is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.[4]

Stool heme test may be positive indicating occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Frank blood in the stool suggests brisk bleeding.

Endoscopy shows presence of peptic ulcer.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Clinical signs and symptoms may be similar.

GERD is characterized by specific esophageal and extra-esophageal symptoms.[50]

INVESTIGATIONS

H pylori urea breath test is negative.

Endoscopy and esophageal histology show esophageal involvement.

Nonulcer dyspepsia

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Clinical signs and symptoms may be similar to symptomatic gastritis and PUD.

INVESTIGATIONS

H pylori urea breath test is negative.[33]

Endoscopy is normal.

Gastric lymphoma

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Clinical signs and symptoms may be similar.

INVESTIGATIONS

Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is strongly associated with H pylori infection.[4] Stool heme test may be positive indicating occult GI bleeding.

Endoscopy may show presence of ulcer or nonspecific mucosal abnormalities. Biopsies show histologically abnormal lymph follicle architecture with variable number of blast cells.

Molecular cytogenetics (e.g., reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [PCR] or fluorescence in situ hybridization) may show characteristic t(11;18) translocation within lymphoid cells.

Gastric carcinoma

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Patient may have suspicious features (e.g., bleeding, anemia, early satiety, unexplained weight loss [>10% body weight], progressive dysphagia, odynophagia, or persistent vomiting).

INVESTIGATIONS

Gastric adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with H pylori infection and chronic gastritis.[4]

Endoscopy shows gastric mass or irregular ulcer.[34]

Five to 6 biopsies of a gastric mass are required to increase sensitivity.[51]

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