Primary prevention
Very little is known regarding effective measures to prevent myocarditis. Current aims of primary prevention are limited to preventing the development of a condition known to be associated with myocarditis. An example is having safe-sex practices to prevent infection with HIV.
In cancer patients undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), serial ECGs and troponin measurements should be taken to detect subclinical ICI-related cardiovascular toxicity. Broader cardiovascular assessment should be considered every 6-12 months in patients who require long-term treatment.[32]
Secondary prevention
Ethanol abstinence is encouraged in all patients with a history of myocarditis, although the effects of modest alcohol consumption on nonalcohol-related cardiomyopathy are unknown. Avoidance of participation in competitive sports for 3-6 months after a diagnosis of myocarditis is recommended, including in children.[15] Avoidance of nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs is also recommended to limit the risk of increased inflammation and mortality.[55]
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