El accidente cerebrovascular es la segunda causa principal de muerte y una de las principales causas de discapacidad en todo el mundo.[4]GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Oct;20(10):795-820.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(21)00252-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34487721?tool=bestpractice.com
En 2019 hubo 12.2 millones de nuevos accidentes cerebrovasculares y 6.55 millones de personas murieron como resultado de esta enfermedad.[4]GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Oct;20(10):795-820.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(21)00252-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34487721?tool=bestpractice.com
El accidente cerebrovascular es la quinta causa principal de muerte y una de las principales causas de discapacidad en los EE.UU., con una prevalencia del 3.3% y aproximadamente 795,000 accidentes cerebrovasculares nuevos y recurrentes por año.[5]Martin SS, Aday AW, Allen NB, et al. 2025 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025 Feb 25;151(8):e41-660.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/epub/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001303
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39866113?tool=bestpractice.com
El ictus hemorrágico representa alrededor del 10% de los accidentes cerebrovasculares incidentes, pero es responsable de más muertes y pérdida de años de vida ajustados por discapacidad que el ictus isquémico.[4]GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Oct;20(10):795-820.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(21)00252-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34487721?tool=bestpractice.com
Tres cuartas partes de los accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos son hemorragias intracerebrales y el resto son hemorragias subaracnoideas.[6]Shoamanesh A, Patrice Lindsay M, Castellucci LA, et al. Canadian stroke best practice recommendations: management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, 7th edition update 2020. Int J Stroke. 2021 Apr;16(3):321-41.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1747493020968424
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33174815?tool=bestpractice.com
La prevalencia mundial de la hemorragia intracerebral (intraparenquimatosa) fue de 18.88 millones de casos en 2020.[7]GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17;396(10258):1204-22.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30925-9/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069326?tool=bestpractice.com
La tasa de prevalencia ajustada por edad ha disminuido un 3.33% del 2010 al 2020.[7]GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17;396(10258):1204-22.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30925-9/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069326?tool=bestpractice.com
A nivel mundial, el número de muertes atribuibles a la hemorragia intracerebral en 2021 fue de 3.31 millones.[5]Martin SS, Aday AW, Allen NB, et al. 2025 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025 Feb 25;151(8):e41-660.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/epub/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001303
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39866113?tool=bestpractice.com
La tasa de mortalidad ajustada por edad disminuyó entre 2010 y 2021.[5]Martin SS, Aday AW, Allen NB, et al. 2025 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025 Feb 25;151(8):e41-660.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/epub/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001303
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39866113?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17;396(10258):1204-22.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30925-9/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069326?tool=bestpractice.com
Sobre la base de 204 países y territorios en 2021, la mortalidad por hemorragia intracerebral fue más alta en Oceanía, seguida de Asia Sudoriental y Oriental, y África Subsahariana Central y Oriental.[5]Martin SS, Aday AW, Allen NB, et al. 2025 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025 Feb 25;151(8):e41-660.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/epub/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001303
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39866113?tool=bestpractice.com
Se estima que el riesgo global de por vida de un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico a partir de los 25 años es del 8.2%.[8]GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators, Feigin VL, Nguyen G, et al. Global, regional, and country-specific lifetime risks of stroke, 1990 and 2016. N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 20;379(25):2429-37.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1804492
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30575491?tool=bestpractice.com
La incidencia de la hemorragia intracerebral aumenta con la edad.[4]GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Oct;20(10):795-820.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(21)00252-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34487721?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-361.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/STR.0000000000000407
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35579034?tool=bestpractice.com
En general, los hombres presentan una mayor incidencia que las mujeres, aunque la diferencia disminuye con la edad.[5]Martin SS, Aday AW, Allen NB, et al. 2025 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025 Feb 25;151(8):e41-660.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/epub/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001303
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39866113?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Appelros P, Stegmayr B, Terént A. Sex differences in stroke epidemiology: a systematic review. Stroke. 2009 Apr;40(4):1082-90.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.540781
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19211488?tool=bestpractice.com
Las personas de raza negra y las personas de origen asiático o latino/hispano presentan una mayor tasa de hemorragia intracerebral que los blancos.[11]Gardener H, Sacco RL, Rundek T, et al. Race and ethnic disparities in stroke incidence in the northern Manhattan study. Stroke. 2020 Apr;51(4):1064-9.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028806
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32078475?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Howard G, Moy CS, Howard VJ, et al. Where to focus efforts to reduce the black-white disparity in stroke mortality: incidence versus case fatality? Stroke. 2016 Jul;47(7):1893-8.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012631
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27256672?tool=bestpractice.com