Bladder cancer

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is associated with a decreased risk of bladder cancer and reduced overall cancer mortality.[190]Zhang YB, Pan XF, Chen J, et al. Combined lifestyle factors, incident cancer, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Br J Cancer. 2020 Mar;122(7):1085-93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7109112 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32037402?tool=bestpractice.com Smoking cessation is most important and reduces both recurrence and progression.[191]Gottlieb J, Higley C, Sosnowski R, et al. Smoking-related genitourinary cancers: a global call to action in smoking cessation. Rev Urol. 2016;18(4):194-204. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5260949 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28127261?tool=bestpractice.com [192]Xiang L, Xie QQ, Xu SS, et al. Association between tobacco exposure and bladder cancer recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Methodol. 2024 Jun 20;14(2):91889. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11229875 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38983655?tool=bestpractice.com ​​​ CDC: bladder cancer Opens in new window​​ See Smoking cessation.

Discuss with patients the risk of complications before starting treatment. In particular, for those having cystectomy, discuss the potential impact of surgery on continence, sexual function, fertility, bowel function, metabolic problems, and quality of life.[60]American Urological Association. Diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: AUA/SUO joint guideline. 2024 [internet publication]. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/bladder-cancer-non-muscle-invasive-guideline ​​

Patients having radical cystectomy with urinary diversion should receive detailed education and support about managing specific diversion needs (e.g., catheterisation, ileal conduit) during their hospital stay.