Estimates from 2001 to 2004 suggest that around 9872 snakebites were treated annually in emergency departments in the US, of which 3188 were from venomous species and 6684 were from nonvenomous or unidentified species.[4]O'Neil ME, Mack KA, Gilchrist J, et al. Snakebite injuries treated in United States emergency departments, 2001-2004. Wilderness Environ Med. 2007 Winter;18(4):281-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18076294?tool=bestpractice.com
From 2012 through 2016, the American Association of Poison Control Centers reported an average of 4 deaths annually due to snake envenomation.[5]Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, et al. 2012 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 30th annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Dec;51(10):949-1229.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/15563650.2013.863906
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24359283?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, et al. 2013 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 31st annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014 Dec;52(10):1032-283.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/15563650.2014.987397
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25559822?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, et al. 2014 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 32nd annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015;53(10):962-1147.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/15563650.2015.1102927
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26624241?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, et al. 2015 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 33rd annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016 Dec;54(10):924-1109.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28004588?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, et al. 2016 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 34th annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2017 Dec;55(10):1072-252.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15563650.2017.1388087
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29185815?tool=bestpractice.com
Snakebites occur more commonly in men (72%) than in women (28%).[4]O'Neil ME, Mack KA, Gilchrist J, et al. Snakebite injuries treated in United States emergency departments, 2001-2004. Wilderness Environ Med. 2007 Winter;18(4):281-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18076294?tool=bestpractice.com
Adults are more commonly bitten than children.[4]O'Neil ME, Mack KA, Gilchrist J, et al. Snakebite injuries treated in United States emergency departments, 2001-2004. Wilderness Environ Med. 2007 Winter;18(4):281-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18076294?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Ruha AM, Kleinschmidt KC, Greene S, et al; ToxIC Snakebite Study Group. The epidemiology, clinical course, and management of snakebites in the North American Snakebite Registry. 2017 Dec;13(4):309-20.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711762
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28975491?tool=bestpractice.com
Snakebites occur most frequently near the home, although bites during outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, fishing, and golfing are also common. As might be expected, snakebites are more frequent in warmer months when snakes are more active and humans engage in more outdoor activities.[4]O'Neil ME, Mack KA, Gilchrist J, et al. Snakebite injuries treated in United States emergency departments, 2001-2004. Wilderness Environ Med. 2007 Winter;18(4):281-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18076294?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Harmon KJ, Haskell MG, Mann CH, et al. Snakebites treated in North Carolina emergency departments, October 2013-September 2015. Wilderness Environ Med. 2018 Jun;29(2):176-84.
https://www.wemjournal.org/article/S1080-6032(18)30004-8/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29530470?tool=bestpractice.com
Snakebites also occur commonly among amateur snake collectors, herpetologists, and snake handlers in zoos.
On the global scale, snakebite envenomation is frequently an occupational disease that affects agricultural workers, predominantly young men.[12]Cruz LS, Vargas R, Lopes AA. Snakebite envenomation and death in the developing world. Ethn Dis. 2009 Spring;19(1 suppl 1):S1-42-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19484874?tool=bestpractice.com
Global estimates suggest between 81,000 and 138,000 deaths from snakebites occur annually, and in 2017 the World Health Organization designated snakebite as a neglected tropical disease.[13]World Health Organization. Snakebite envenoming. May 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/snakebite-envenoming