Primary prevention

There are no specific prevention strategies for Wilms tumor; however, tumor surveillance strategies should be employed to ensure early detection in children with genetic syndromes that increase the risk of Wilms tumor.[4][37]​ Renal ultrasound every 3 months from birth until age 7 years is recommended for children with a Wilms tumor predisposition syndrome.[37][38][39]​ 

Genetic and prenatal counseling should be offered to parents with a family history of Wilms tumor.[40][41]​​ 

Children at very high risk

Children with a germline WT1 mutation (such as those with Denys-Drash syndrome) are at very high risk of developing Wilms tumor and have an increased risk of end-stage kidney disease at a young age.[42] Risk of development of renal insufficiency and Wilms tumor varies according to the type and location of WT1 mutation.[43][44]​​ In these patients, special consideration should be given to balancing the risks of renal salvage, renal replacement therapy, and anticancer therapy.

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