Prognosis

Gastroenteritis is generally self-limited.

Each syndrome related to listeriosis has its own prognosis and is determined by the immunological status and concurrent health problems of the individual.[1][30][32]​​[38]​​

The global number of deaths from Listeria monocytogenes in 2019 was 14,900 and age-standardised mortality rate was 0.2 per 100,000 population. Case-fatality ratio can be up to 70% in patients without adequate treatment.[29]

In one national observational cohort study, the strongest mortality predictors for both bacteraemia and neurolisteriosis were ongoing cancer, multi-organ failure, aggravation of any pre-existing organ dysfunction, and monocytopenia.[60] Meningoencephalitis was the most prevalent CNS manifestation, occurring in 84% of patients. Brainstem involvement was reported in 17% of patients with CNS involvement.[60] In the same study, only 5% of pregnant women experienced an uneventful outcome. Almost a quarter of women experienced fetal loss.[60]

Seventy-five percent of neonates born to mothers with listeriosis are complicated with clinical neonatal Listeria infection.[1][2]

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