Other presentations
Bacteraemia and sepsis are more common manifestations of listeriosis among immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, and neonates.[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com
[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.
https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2002/07000/Listeriosis_During_Pregnancy__A_Case_Series_and.2.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com
[3]Filice GA, Cantrell HF, Smith AB, et al. Listeria monocytogenes infection in neonates: investigation of an epidemic. J Infect Dis. 1978 Jul;138(1):17-23.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98594?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, et al. Pathogenicity and virulence of listeria monocytogenes: a trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence. 2021 Dec;12(1):2509-45.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496543
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34612177?tool=bestpractice.com
Infection can lead to localised manifestations such as splenic, renal, and hepatic abscesses; arthritis; conjunctivitis; and skin disorders.[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com
[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.
https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2002/07000/Listeriosis_During_Pregnancy__A_Case_Series_and.2.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Lorber B. Listeriosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Jan;24(1):1-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8994747?tool=bestpractice.com
Central nervous system (CNS) infection may cause brain abscesses, cranial nerve paralysis, seizures, movement disorders, and rhombencephalitis (brain stem encephalitis in healthy adults).[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, et al. Pathogenicity and virulence of listeria monocytogenes: a trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence. 2021 Dec;12(1):2509-45.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496543
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34612177?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Armstrong RW, Fung PC. Brainstem encephalitis (rhombencephalitis) due to Listeria monocytogenes: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1993 May;16(5):689-702.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8507761?tool=bestpractice.com
Bacteraemia may involve native or prosthetic valves.
Pregnant women may present with a flu-like illness.[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.
https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2002/07000/Listeriosis_During_Pregnancy__A_Case_Series_and.2.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com
Although bacteraemia is relatively common in pregnancy, CNS involvement is relatively uncommon. Listeriosis is associated with increased incidence of miscarriage.[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.
https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2002/07000/Listeriosis_During_Pregnancy__A_Case_Series_and.2.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, et al. Pathogenicity and virulence of listeria monocytogenes: a trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence. 2021 Dec;12(1):2509-45.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496543
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34612177?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Committee on Obstetric Practice, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee opinion no. 614: management of pregnant women with presumptive exposure to listeria monocytogenes. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Dec;124(6):1241-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25411758?tool=bestpractice.com
Septic abortion due to granulomatosis infantiseptica (trans-placental transmission and disseminated micro-abscesses) is a serious complication.[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.
https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2002/07000/Listeriosis_During_Pregnancy__A_Case_Series_and.2.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com
Neonates may show very subtle signs and present without fever.[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.
https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2002/07000/Listeriosis_During_Pregnancy__A_Case_Series_and.2.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com
Gastrointestinal symptoms of diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting combined with fever may produce the clinical picture of febrile gastroenteritis due to contaminated food. This can occur sporadically or as an epidemic.[8]Schuchat A, Deaver K, Hayes PS, et al. Gastrointestinal carriage of Listeria monocytogenes in household contacts of patients with listeriosis. J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1261-2.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8486970?tool=bestpractice.com
Untreated listeriosis may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiple organ dysfunction, shock, and death.[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com