Sexual violence is a global problem that affects individuals of all ages. More than half of women and nearly 1 in 3 men have experienced sexual violence involving physical contact at some point in their lives.[3]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexual violence prevention: about sexual violence. Jan 2024 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/sexual-violence/about/index.html
[4]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2016/2017 report on intimate partner violence. Oct 2022 [internet publication].
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/124646
According to a report commissioned by United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in 2020, 12.7% of the world’s children had been sexually abused before reaching the age of 18 years. Around 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 13 boys globally have been sexually abused or exploited before turning 18 years.[5]UNICEF. Action to end child sexual abuse and exploitation: a review of the evidence 2020. 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.unicef.org/documents/action-end-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation-review-evidence-2020
[6]Stoltenborgh M, van Ijzendoorn MH, Euser EM, et al. A global perspective on child sexual abuse: meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreat. 2011 May;16(2):79-101.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511741?tool=bestpractice.com
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at least 1 in 4 girls and 1 in 20 boys in the US experience child sexual abuse.[7]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child abuse and neglect prevention: about child sexual abuse. May 2024 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/child-abuse-neglect/about/about-child-sexual-abuse.html
[8]Finkelhor D, Shattuck A, Turner HA, et al. The lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse and sexual assault assessed in late adolescence. J Adolesc Health. 2014 Sep;55(3):329-33.
https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(13)00854-9/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24582321?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Gewirtz-Meydan A, Finkelhor D. Sexual abuse and assault in a large national sample of children and adolescents. Child Maltreat. 2020 May;25(2):203-14.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31526040?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Finkelhor D, Turner H, Colburn D. The prevalence of child sexual abuse with online sexual abuse added. Child Abuse Negl. 2024 Mar;149:106634.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38227986?tool=bestpractice.com
In the UK, an estimated 1 in 20 children have been sexually abused.[11]NSPCC Learning. Child sexual abuse: statistics briefing. Jan 2025 [internet publication].
https://learning.nspcc.org.uk/research-resources/statistics-briefings/child-sexual-abuse
[12]Ethical Research Involving Children (ERIC). Child abuse and neglect in the UK today. 2011 [internet publication].
https://childethics.com/library/other-literature/child-abuse-and-neglect-in-the-uk-today
Teenagers, especially girls, are more frequently victimised by sexual abuse than younger children.[5]UNICEF. Action to end child sexual abuse and exploitation: a review of the evidence 2020. 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.unicef.org/documents/action-end-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation-review-evidence-2020
[11]NSPCC Learning. Child sexual abuse: statistics briefing. Jan 2025 [internet publication].
https://learning.nspcc.org.uk/research-resources/statistics-briefings/child-sexual-abuse
According to UNICEF, approximately 1 in 20 girls aged 15-19 years (about 13 million) have experienced forced sex during their lifetime.[5]UNICEF. Action to end child sexual abuse and exploitation: a review of the evidence 2020. 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.unicef.org/documents/action-end-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation-review-evidence-2020
[13]UNICEF. A new era for girls: taking stock of 25 years of progress. Mar 2020 [internet publication].
https://data.unicef.org/resources/a-new-era-for-girls-taking-stock-of-25-years-of-progress
Girls typically report rates of victimisation that are two to three times higher than boys. However, in certain contexts and organisational settings, boys have been found to experience higher rates of victimisation.
Most children know their abusers.[5]UNICEF. Action to end child sexual abuse and exploitation: a review of the evidence 2020. 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.unicef.org/documents/action-end-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation-review-evidence-2020
[7]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child abuse and neglect prevention: about child sexual abuse. May 2024 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/child-abuse-neglect/about/about-child-sexual-abuse.html
While most people who cause sexual harm to children are adolescents or adults, young children may also cause sexual harm to others.[5]UNICEF. Action to end child sexual abuse and exploitation: a review of the evidence 2020. 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.unicef.org/documents/action-end-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation-review-evidence-2020
It is important to note that estimating the prevalence of child sexual abuse is problematic because of varying definitions for what is considered abuse, not only on the part of researchers and policymakers, but also the victims themselves. Furthermore, the sensitive nature of the topic is likely to influence official reporting and survey response rates. Data for online abuse and for sexual exploitation are also limited.[5]UNICEF. Action to end child sexual abuse and exploitation: a review of the evidence 2020. 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.unicef.org/documents/action-end-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation-review-evidence-2020