Angle-closure glaucoma

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: primary angle closure. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Full text

American Academy of Ophthalmology. ​Glaucoma summary benchmarks - 2024. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Full text

1. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: primary angle closure. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Full text

2. Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, et al. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014 Nov;121(11):2081-90.Full text  Abstract

3. Shan S, Wu J, Cao J, et al. Global incidence and risk factors for glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Glob Health. 2024 Nov 8;14:04252.Full text  Abstract

4. Zhang N, Wang J, Chen B, et al. Prevalence of primary angle closure glaucoma in the last 20 years: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:624179.Full text  Abstract

5. George R, Panda S, Vijaya L. Blindness in glaucoma: primary open-angle glaucoma versus primary angle-closure glaucoma-a meta-analysis. Eye (Lond). 2022 Nov;36(11):2099-105.Full text  Abstract

6. Shah SN, Zhou S, Sanvicente C, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of blindness among primary angle closure glaucoma patients in the United States: an IRIS registry analysis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2024 Mar;259:131-40.Full text  Abstract

7. Day AC, Baio G, Gazzard G, et al. The prevalence of primary angle closure glaucoma in European derived populations: a systematic review. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012 Sep;96(9):1162-7. Abstract

8. Vajaranant TS, Nayak S, Wilensky JT, et al. Gender and glaucoma: what we know and what we need to know. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2010 Mar;21(2):91-9.Full text  Abstract

9. Cheng JW, Cheng SW, Ma XY, et al. The prevalence of primary glaucoma in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glaucoma. 2013 Apr-May;22(4):301-6. Abstract

10. Weinreb RN, Aung T, Medeiros FA. The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma: a review. JAMA. 2014 May 14;311(18):1901-11.Full text  Abstract

11. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Primary vs. secondary angle closure glaucoma. Oct 2025 [internet publication].Full text

12. Nongpiur ME, Ku JY, Aung T. Angle closure glaucoma: a mechanistic review. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011 Mar;22(2):96-101. Abstract

13. Ahram DF, Alward WL, Kuehn MH. The genetic mechanisms of primary angle closure glaucoma. Eye (Lond). 2015 Oct;29(10):1251-9.Full text  Abstract

14. Jayaram H, Kolko M, Friedman DS, et al. Glaucoma: now and beyond. Lancet. 2023 Nov 11;402(10414):1788-801. Abstract

15. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Lens induced glaucomas. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

16. Lachkar Y, Bouassida W. Drug-induced acute angle closure glaucoma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007 Mar;18(2):129-33.Full text  Abstract

17. American Academy of Ophthalmology. ​Medication-induced acute angle-closure glaucoma. Oct 2020 [internet publication].Full text

18. Thomas R, George R, Parikh R, et al. Five year risk of progression of primary angle closure suspects to primary angle closure: a population based study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 Apr;87(4):450-4.Full text  Abstract

19. Xu L, Cao WF, Wang YX, et al. Anterior chamber depth and chamber angle and their associations with ocular and general parameters: the Beijing eye study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 May;145(5):929-36. Abstract

20. Alsbirk PH. Angle-closure glaucoma surveys in Greenland Eskimos. A preliminary report. Can J Ophthalmol. 1973 Apr;8(2):260-4. Abstract

21. Van Herick W, Shaffer RN, Schwartz A. Estimation of width of angle of anterior chamber. Incidence and significance of the narrow angle. Am J Ophthalmol. 1969 Oct;68(4):626-9. Abstract

22. Lowe RF. Aetiology of the anatomical basis for primary angle-closure glaucoma. Biometrical comparisons between normal eyes and eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1970 Mar;54(3):161-9.Full text  Abstract

23. Foster JF, Devereux JG, Alsbirk PH, et al. Detection of gonioscopically occludable angles and primary angle closure glaucoma by estimation of limbal chamber depth in Asians: modified grading scheme. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000 Feb;84(2);186-92.Full text  Abstract

24. Devereux JG, Foster PJ, Baasanhu J, et al. Anterior chamber depth measurement as a screening tool for primary angle-closure glaucoma in an East Asian population. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000 Feb;118(2):257-63. Abstract

25. Flores-Sánchez BC, Tatham AJ. Acute angle closure glaucoma. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2019 Dec 2;80(12):C174-9.Full text  Abstract

26. Wang Y, Dong XX, Hou XW, et al. Risk factors for primary angle-closure glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 studies. Optom Vis Sci. 2023 Sep 1;100(9):606-13. Abstract

27. Wright C, Tawfik MA, Waisbourd M, et al. Primary angle-closure glaucoma: an update. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016 May;94(3):217-25.Full text  Abstract

28. Sit AJ, Chen TC, Takusagawa HL, et al. Corneal hysteresis for the diagnosis of glaucoma and assessment of progression risk: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2023 Apr;130(4):433-42.Full text  Abstract

29. Gazzard G, Foster PJ, Devereux JG, et al. Intraocular pressure and visual field loss in primary angle closure and primary open angle glaucomas. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 Jun;87(6):720-5. Abstract

30. Michelessi M, Lucenteforte E, Oddone F, et al. Optic nerve head and fibre layer imaging for diagnosing glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 30;(11):CD008803.Full text  Abstract

31. Zimprich L, Diedrich J, Bleeker A, et al. Corneal hysteresis as a biomarker of glaucoma: current insights. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:2255-64.Full text  Abstract

32. Aung T, Friedman DS, Chew PT, et al. Long-term outcomes in Asians after acute primary angle closure. Ophthalmology. 2004 Aug;111(8):1464-9. Abstract

33. Foster PJ, Buhrmann R, Quigley HA, et al. The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002 Feb;86(2):238-42.Full text  Abstract

34. Xu BY, Richter GM, Burkemper BS, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of primary angle closure disease in an adult Chinese American population: the Chinese American eye study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Jun;274:32-41. Abstract

35. Kavitha S, Zebardast N, Palaniswamy K, et al. Family history is a strong risk factor for prevalent angle closure in a South Indian population. Ophthalmology. 2014 Nov;121(11):2091-7. Abstract

36. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Management of angle closure glaucoma guideline. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Full text

37. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation PPP 2020. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Full text

38. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Referral of persons with possible eye diseases or injury - 2014​. Apr 2014 [internet publication].Full text

39. European Glaucoma Society. Terminology and guidelines for glaucoma: 5th edition. 2021[internet publication].Full text

40. Yang X, Su W, Wang M, et al. Effect of anterior chamber paracentesis on initial treatment of acute angle closure. Can J Ophthalmol. 2013 Dec;48(6):553-8. Abstract

41. Arnavielle S, Creuzot-Garcher C, Bron AM. Anterior chamber paracentesis in patients with acute elevation of intraocular pressure. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007 Mar;245(3):345-50. Abstract

42. Rouse B, Le JT, Gazzard G. Iridotomy to slow progression of visual field loss in angle-closure glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 9;1(1):CD012270.Full text  Abstract

43. Radhakrishnan S, Chen PP, Junk AK, et al. Laser peripheral iridotomy in primary angle closure: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2018 Jul;125(7):1110-20.Full text  Abstract

44. Ritch R. Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty: an overview. J Glaucoma. 1992;1:206-13.

45. Ong AY, McCann P, Perera SA, et al. Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Mar 8;3(3):CD015116.Full text  Abstract

46. Azuara-Blanco A, Burr J, Ramsay C, et al. Effectiveness of early lens extraction for the treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma (EAGLE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Oct 1;388(10052):1389-97.Full text  Abstract

47. Chen MJ, Chen YC, Chou CK, et al. Comparison of the effects of latanoprost and travoprost on intraocular pressure in chronic angle-closure glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Dec;22(6):449-54. Abstract

48. Aung T, Chan YH, Chew PT. EXACT Study Group. Degree of angle closure and the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of latanoprost in subjects with chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):267-71. Abstract

49. Aung T, Tow SL, Yap EY, et al. Trabeculectomy for acute primary angle closure. Ophthalmology. 2000 Jul;107(7):1298-302.Full text  Abstract

50. Tseng VL, Coleman AL, Chang MY, et al. Aqueous shunts for glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jul 28;(7):CD004918.Full text  Abstract

51. Honrubia F, García-Sánchez J, Polo V, et al. Conjunctival hyperaemia with the use of latanoprost versus other prostaglandin analogues in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009 Mar;93(3):316-21.Full text  Abstract

52. Park J, Rittiphairoj T, Wang X, et al. Device-modified trabeculectomy for glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Mar 13;3(3):CD010472.Full text  Abstract

53. El-Saied HM, Abdelhakim MA. Trabeculectomy with ologen in secondary glaucomas following failed trabeculectomy with MMC: comparative study. Eye (Lond). 2016 Aug;30(8):1126-34.Full text  Abstract

54. Wishart PK, Atkinson PL. Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation in patients with primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma: effect on intraocular pressure control. Eye. 1989;3(Pt 6):706-12. Abstract

55. Gunning FP, Greve EL. Lens extraction for uncontrolled glaucoma. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998 Oct;24(10):1347-56. Abstract

56. Ang LP, Aung T, Chua WH, et al. Visual field loss from primary angle-closure glaucoma: a comparative study of symptomatic and asymptomatic disease. Ophthalmology. 2004 Sep;111(9):1636-40. Abstract

57. Salmon JF. Long-term intraocular pressure control after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in chronic angle-closure glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 1993 Winter;2(4):291-6. Abstract

58. Rosman M, Aung T, Ang LP, et al. Chronic angle-closure with glaucomatous damage: longterm clinical course in a North American population and comparison with an Asian population. Ophthalmology. 2002 Dec;109(12):2227-31. Abstract

59. Chong YF, Irfan S, Menege MS. AACG: an evaluation of a protocol for acute treatment. Eye. 1999 Oct;13(5):613-6. Abstract

60. Bain WE. The fellow eye in acute closed-angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1957 Apr;41(4):193-9.Full text  Abstract

61. Hyams SW, Friedman Z, Keroub C. Fellow eye in angle-closure glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1975 Apr;59(4):207-10. Abstract

62. Lowe RF. Acute angle-closure glaucoma. The second eye: an analysis of 200 cases. Br J Ophthalmol. 1962 Nov;46(11):641-50.Full text  Abstract

63. Kavitha S, Ramulu PY, Venkatesh R, et al. Resolution of visual dysphotopsias after laser iridotomy: six-month follow-up. Ophthalmology. 2019 Mar;126(3):469-71.e1.Full text  Abstract

64. Hollows FC, Graham PA. Intra-ocular pressure, glaucoma, and glaucoma suspects in a defined population. Br J Ophthalmol. 1966 Oct;50(10):570-86.Full text  Abstract

65. American Academy of Ophthalmology. ​Glaucoma summary benchmarks - 2024. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Full text

66. Ang LP, Aung T, Chew PT. Acute primary angle closure in an Asian population: long-term outcome of the fellow eye after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy. Ophthalmology. 2000 Nov;107(11):2092-6. Abstract

67. Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision rehabilitation preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.Full text