Monitoring

DISH may falsely elevate bone mineral density, but it also increases the risk of spinal fractures. Energy distribution (from even a low-impact trauma) is prevented in the ankylosed spine, resulting in an increased risk of fracture.[9]​ Appropriate monitoring for osteoporosis with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and subsequent management is advised.[44]​ A local surplus of bone in the scanning field could overestimate the true bone mineral density value on DXA.[62] For more on the assessment and management of osteoporosis, see Osteoporosis.​

Manage and monitor metabolic derangements and cardiometabolic disease on an individualised basis; this may include monitoring for, and management, of:[1][57]

  • Obesity

  • Hypertriglyceridaemia/low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level

  • Hypertension

  • Hyperuricaemia

  • Hyperglycaemia.

See Metabolic syndrome, Hypertriglyceridaemia, Hypercholesterolaemia, Essential hypertension, Gout, and Type 2 diabetes in adults.

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