High-risk group
Screening, genetic testing, and genetic counselling should be considered for patients at high risk. Patients eligible for screening should be referred to a specialist centre or encouraged to participate in a registry.[23]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: genetic/familial high-risk assessment: breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate [internet publication].
https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx
[25]Aslanian HR, Lee JH, Canto MI. AGA clinical practice update on pancreas cancer screening in high-risk individuals: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2020 Jul;159(1):358-62.
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(20)30657-0/fulltext?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32416142?tool=bestpractice.com
High-risk patients are those who:[25]Aslanian HR, Lee JH, Canto MI. AGA clinical practice update on pancreas cancer screening in high-risk individuals: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2020 Jul;159(1):358-62.
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(20)30657-0/fulltext?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32416142?tool=bestpractice.com
[73]Sawhney MS, Calderwood AH, Thosani NC, et al. ASGE guideline on screening for pancreatic cancer in individuals with genetic susceptibility: summary and recommendations. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 May;95(5):817-26.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35183358?tool=bestpractice.com
Are first-degree relatives of patients with pancreatic cancer and have at least two affected genetically related relatives
Have a genetic syndrome associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. This includes all patients with hereditary pancreatitis (PRSS1, SPINK1, and other gene mutations), Peutz-Jehgers syndrome, or familial atupical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (CDKNA gene mutation); and patients with one more first-degree relatives with pancreatic cancer with Lynch syndrome or mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, or ATM genes.
Screening considerations:[23]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: genetic/familial high-risk assessment: breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate [internet publication].
https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx
[25]Aslanian HR, Lee JH, Canto MI. AGA clinical practice update on pancreas cancer screening in high-risk individuals: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2020 Jul;159(1):358-62.
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(20)30657-0/fulltext?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32416142?tool=bestpractice.com
[41]Conroy T, Pfeiffer P, Vilgrain V, et al. Pancreatic cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2023 Nov;34(11):987-1002.
https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(23)00824-4/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37678671?tool=bestpractice.com
[73]Sawhney MS, Calderwood AH, Thosani NC, et al. ASGE guideline on screening for pancreatic cancer in individuals with genetic susceptibility: summary and recommendations. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 May;95(5):817-26.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35183358?tool=bestpractice.com
Individuals with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: start screening between aged 30 and 35 years, or 10 years younger than the initial age of familial onset.
CDKN2A mutation carriers: start screening at 40 years, or 10 years younger than the initial age of familial onset.
ATM or BRCA2 mutation carriers and other people at high risk: start screening at 50 years, or 10 years younger than the initial age of familial onset.
Individuals with hereditary pancreatitis: start screening 20 years after onset of pancreatitis, or at age 40 years, whichever is earlier.
According to one meta-analysis, screening of 135 high-risk patients leads to the identification of 1 patient with pancreatic cancer lesion.[74]Corral JE, Mareth KF, Riegert-Johnson DL, et al. Diagnostic yield from screening asymptomatic individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Jan;17(1):41-53.
https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(18)30498-1/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29775792?tool=bestpractice.com
The preferred screening tests are magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in combination.[25]Aslanian HR, Lee JH, Canto MI. AGA clinical practice update on pancreas cancer screening in high-risk individuals: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2020 Jul;159(1):358-62.
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(20)30657-0/fulltext?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32416142?tool=bestpractice.com
[41]Conroy T, Pfeiffer P, Vilgrain V, et al. Pancreatic cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2023 Nov;34(11):987-1002.
https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(23)00824-4/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37678671?tool=bestpractice.com
[73]Sawhney MS, Calderwood AH, Thosani NC, et al. ASGE guideline on screening for pancreatic cancer in individuals with genetic susceptibility: summary and recommendations. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 May;95(5):817-26.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35183358?tool=bestpractice.com
Screening is not recommended for patients who are not high risk.[25]Aslanian HR, Lee JH, Canto MI. AGA clinical practice update on pancreas cancer screening in high-risk individuals: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2020 Jul;159(1):358-62.
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(20)30657-0/fulltext?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32416142?tool=bestpractice.com
[75]US Preventive Services Task Force, Owens DK, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for pancreatic cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. JAMA. 2019 Aug 6;322(5):438-44.
https://www.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.10232
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31386141?tool=bestpractice.com