Transverse myelitis

Immediate care includes monitoring and treatment for complications such as respiratory failure (1 week) and sequelae of immobility (deep vein thrombosis; 3 months). Follow-up of patients with idiopathic TM should continue until neurological recovery is complete or has reached a plateau, typically for 6-12 months, or longer if symptomatic treatment requires re-evaluation. Long-term management of symptoms such as pain, depression, or bladder dysfunction may be required.

Patients deemed at risk for recurrent disease (e.g., multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease) are generally treated with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive drugs and require follow-up at regular intervals (typically every 3-6 months, depending on disease activity, adverse effects of drugs, and symptoms).