Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presence of risk factors
- mastalgia
- diffuse symmetrical lumpiness through both breasts
Risk factors
- late-onset menopause
- later age at first childbirth
- nulliparity
- obesity
- oestrogen replacement therapy
Diagnostic investigations
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Sonia Sugg, MD
Professor of Surgery
Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Iowa City
IA
Disclosures
SS declares that she has no competing interests.
Ingrid Lizarraga, MBBS, FACS
Clinical Associate Professor
Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Iowa City
IA
Disclosures
IL declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Sonia Sugg and Dr Ingrid Lizarraga would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Sophia Fu, Dr Sarah E. Colwick, Dr Hernan I. Vargas, Dr Carol Scott-Connor, Dr Anjali Thawani, and Dr Jesse Dirksen, the previous contributors to this topic. SEC, HIV, CSC, AT and JD declare that they have no competing interests.
Disclosures
SF, SEC, HIV, CSC, AT, and JD declared that they had no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Fred Dirbas, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgical Oncology
Stanford University
Stanford
CA
Disclosures
FD declares that he has no competing interests.
Justin Stebbing, MA, MRCP, MRCPath, PhD
Consultant Medical Oncologist/Senior Lecturer
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
Charing Cross Hospital
London
UK
Disclosures
JS declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
Marchant DJ. Benign breast disease. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2002 Mar;29(1):1-20. Abstract
Santen RJ, Mansel R. Benign breast disorders. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 21;353(3):275-85. Abstract
Love SM, Gelman RS, Silen W. Sounding board. Fibrocystic "disease" of the breast--a nondisease? N Eng J Med. 1982 Oct 14;307(16):1010-4. Abstract
Dupont WD, Page DL. Risk factors for breast cancer in women with proliferative breast disease. N Engl J Med. 1985 Jan 17;312(3):146-51. Abstract
Fisher B, Constantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Sep 16;90(18):1371-88.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available here.
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