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Última revisión: 21 Apr 2025
Última actualización: 29 May 2024

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • preocupación excesiva durante al menos 6 meses
  • la ansiedad no se limita a otro trastorno de salud mental
  • ansiedad que no se debe a medicamentos o sustancias
  • tensión muscular
  • alteración del sueño
  • fatiga
  • inquietud
  • irritabilidad
  • mala concentración

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • cefalea
  • sudoración
  • mareos
  • síntomas gastrointestinales
  • dolores musculares
  • aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca
  • disnea
  • temblor
  • respuesta de susto exagerada
  • dolor torácico

Factores de riesgo

  • antecedentes familiares de ansiedad
  • estrés emocional o físico
  • Antecedentes de traumatismo físico, sexual o emocional
  • otro trastorno de ansiedad
  • afección crónica de la salud física
  • sexo femenino

Pruebas diagnósticas

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • pruebas de función tiroidea
  • cribado de tóxicos en orina
  • orina de 24 horas para catecolaminas, metanefrinas, normetanefrinas y creatinina
  • pruebas funcionales respiratorias
  • electrocardiograma (ECG)

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Colaboradores

Autores

Philip John Cowen, MD, FRCPsych, FMedSci

Professor of Psychopharmacology

Department of Psychiatry

University of Oxford

Oxford

UK

Divulgaciones

PJC declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimientos

Professor Philip John Cowen would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Christopher Gale, Dr Richard P. Swinson, Dr Elizabeth Hoge, and Dr Phebe Tucker, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

CG is an author of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guideline on social phobia, panic disorder, and generalised anxiety disorder. Otago University has commercial and research relationships with multiple pharmaceutical companies. He is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. RPS has personally received royalties for articles published in UpToDate (Wolters Kluwer) and the Compendium of Therapeutic Choices, 2nd edition (Canadian Pharmacists Association). EH is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. PT has conducted research for GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Astra-Zeneca, Cephalon, Inc., and Ortho-McNeil. She has also consulted for Forest Pharmaceuticals and received honoraria from Pfizer, Inc. and Forest Pharmaceuticals.

Revisores por pares

Lori Davis, MD

Research Director

University of Alabama

School of Medicine Tuscaloosa Campus

College of Community Health Sciences

Tuscaloosa

AL

Divulgaciones

LD declares that she has no competing interests.

Arianna Di Florio, MD, PhD

Senior Clinical Lecturer

Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences

Cardiff University

United Kingdom

Divulgaciones

ADF declares that she has no competing interests.

Elaine Lockhart, MD, BCH, BAO

Consultant in Paediatric Liaison Psychiatry

Royal Hospital for Children

Glasgow

United Kingdom

Divulgaciones

EL declares that she has no competing interests.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

Bandelow B, Sher L, Bunevicius R, et al; WFSBP Task Force on Mental Disorders in Primary Care; WFSBP Task Force on Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD. Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2012 Jun;16(2):77-84. Resumen

Bandelow B, Sagebiel A, Belz M, et al. Enduring effects of psychological treatments for anxiety disorders: meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Br J Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;212(6):333-8.Texto completo  Resumen

Slee A, Nazareth I, Bondaronek P, et al. Pharmacological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019 Feb 23;393(10173):768-77. Resumen

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible aquí.

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