International guidelines

Rest of the world

2021 guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack​​[22]

Published by:American Heart Association; American Stroke Association

Last published:2021

2020 ESC guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease[35]

Published by:European Society of Cardiology

Last published:2021

Practice advisory update summary: patent foramen ovale and secondary stroke prevention[28]

Published by:American Academy of Neurology

Last published:2020

Patent foramen ovale closure, antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation therapy alone for management of cryptogenic stroke?[25]

Published by:British Medical Journal

Last published:2018

Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale[16]

Published by:American Society of Echocardiography; Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions

Last published:2015

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer