Emerging treatments

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors

Several JAK inhibitors are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for atopic dermatitis (e.g., abrocitinib, upadacitinib, and ruxolitinib).[48][49][50]​ Ruxolitinib is available as a topical formulation, whereas abrocitinib and upadacitinib are only available as oral formulations. There are also several JAK inhibitors in phase 3 trials including baricitinib, delgocitinib, and PF-04965842.[51][52][53]​​​​​

Dupilumab

Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, is approved in the US and Europe for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, and has been used off-label in the treatment of ACD.[54] However, dupilumab needs to be tested in clinical trials for this indication as the current evidence is based on case reports and retrospective studies.[55][56]​​​

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