Urinary tract infections in men

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European Association of Urology. Guidelines on urological infections. Mar 2025 [internet publication].Full text

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1. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI): clinical guidelines for treatment and management.​ 2025 [internet publication].Full text

2. European Association of Urology. Guidelines on urological infections. Mar 2025 [internet publication].Full text

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19. Stamm WE, Hooton TM. Management of urinary tract infections in adults. N Engl J Med. 1993 Oct 28;329(18):1328-34. Abstract

20. Gu J, Chen X, Yang Z, et al. Gender differences in the microbial spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity of uropathogens isolated from patients with urinary stones. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022 Jan;36(1):e24155.Full text  Abstract

21. Hummers-Pradier E, Ohse AM, Koch M, et al. Urinary tract infection in men. Int J Clin Pharm. 2004 Jul;42(7):360-6. Abstract

22. Wagenlehner FME, Bjerklund Johansen TE, Cai T, et al. Epidemiology, definition and treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Urol. 2020 Oct;17(10):586-600. Abstract

23. Cornia PB, Takahashi TA, Lipsky BA. The microbiology of bacteriuria in men: a 5-year study at a Veterans' Affairs hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006 Sep;56(1):25-30. Abstract

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25. Schwartz DS, Barone JE. Correlation of urinalysis and dipstick results with catheter-associated urinary tract infections in surgical ICU patients. Intensive Care Med. 2006 Nov;32(11):1797-801. Abstract

26. Tomera KM, Burdmann EA, Pamo Reyna OG, et al. Ertapenem versus ceftriaxone followed by appropriate oral therapy for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in adults: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Sep;46(9):2895-900.Full text  Abstract

27. Abraham SN, Miao Y. The nature of immune responses to urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Oct;15(10):655-63.Full text  Abstract

28. May M, Brookman-Amissah S, Hoschke B, et al. Post-void residual urine as a predictor of urinary tract infection-is there a cutoff value in asymptomatic men? J Urol. 2009 Jun;181(6):2540-4. Abstract

29. Lipsky BA. Prostatitis and urinary tract infection in men: what's new; what's true? Am J Med. 1999 Mar;106(3):327-34. Abstract

30. Ferri C, Marchetti F, Nickel JC, et al. Prevalence and clinical management of complicated urinary tract infections in Italy: a prospective multicenter epidemiological study in urological outpatients. J Chemother. 2005 Dec;17(6):601-6. Abstract

31. Lipsky BA, Schaberg DR. Managing urinary tract infections in men. Hosp Prac. 2000 Jan 15;35(1):53-9. Abstract

32. Andrews SJ, Brooks PT, Hanbury DC, et al. Ultrasonography and abdominal radiography versus intravenous urography in investigation of urinary tract infection in men: prospective incident cohort study. BMJ. 2002 Feb 23;324(7335):454-6.Full text  Abstract

33. Saint S, Kowalski CP, Kaufman SR, et al. Preventing hospital-acquired urinary tract infection in the United States: a national study. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jan 15;46(2):243-50.Full text  Abstract

34. Huang W, Wann S, Lin S, et al. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections in intensive care units can be reduced by prompting physicians to remove unnecessary catheters. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004 Nov;25(11):974-8. Abstract

35. Russell DB, Roth NJ. Urinary tract infections in men in a primary care population. Aust Fam Physician. 2001 Feb;30(2):177-9. Abstract

36. Singh-Grewal D, Macdessi J, Craig J. Circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infection in boys: a systematic review of randomised trials and observational studies. Arch Dis Child. 2005 Aug;90(8):853-8.Full text  Abstract

37. Holzman SA, Chamberlin JD, Davis-Dao CA, et al. Retractable foreskin reduces urinary tract infections in infant boys with vesicoureteral reflux. J Pediatr Urol. 2021 Apr;17(2):209.e1-6. Abstract

38. Dave S. Circumcision overview. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017 Jan-Feb;11(1-2suppl1):S63.Full text

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40. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Care of the uncircumcised penis. 2025 [internet publication].Full text

41. National Healthcare Safety Network. Urinary tract infection (catheter-associated urinary tract infection [CAUTI] and non-catheter-associated urinary tractinfection [UTI]) events. Jan 2025 [internet publication].Full text

42. Mukai S, Shigemura K, Nomi M, et al. Retrospective study for risk factors for febrile UTI in spinal cord injury patients with routine concomitant intermittent catheterization in outpatient settings. Spinal Cord. 2016 Jan;54(1):69-72.Full text  Abstract

43. Rognoni C, Tarricone R. Intermittent catheterisation with hydrophilic and non-hydrophilic urinary catheters: systematic literature review and meta-analyses. BMC Urol. 2017 Jan 10;17(1):4.Full text  Abstract

44. Lam TB, Omar M, Fisher E, et al. Types of indwelling urethral catheters for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 23;(9):CD004013.Full text  Abstract

45. Pickard R, Lam T, MacLennan G, et al. Antimicrobial catheters for reduction of symptomatic urinary tract infection in adults requiring short-term catheterisation in hospital: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012 Dec 1;380(9857):1927-35. Abstract

46. Ricardo SIC, Anjos IIL, Monge N, et al. A glance at antimicrobial strategies to prevent catheter-associated medical infections. ACS Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 11;6(12):3109-30. Abstract

47. Williams G, Hahn D, Stephens JH, et al. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Apr 17;4(4):CD001321.Full text  Abstract

48. Jepson RG, Craig JC. A systematic review of the evidence for cranberries and blueberries in UTI prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007 Jun;51(6):738-45. Abstract

49. Cruz F, Dambros M, Naber KG, et al. Recurrent urinary tract infections: Uro-Vaxom, a new alternative. Eur Urol Suppl. 2009;8:762-8.

50. Naber KG, Cho YH, Matsumoto T, et al. Immunoactive prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections: a meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009 Feb;33(2):111-9. Abstract

51. Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2024 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 5:ciae104.Full text  Abstract

52. Johnson JR. Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections in adult patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Sep 15;39(6):873; author reply 873-4.

53. Orenstein R, Wong ES. Urinary tract infections in adults. Am Fam Physician. 1999 Mar 1;59(5):1225-34.Full text  Abstract

54. Devillé WL, Yzermans JC, van Duijn NP, et al. The urine dipstick test useful to rule out infections: a meta-analysis of the accuracy. BMC Urol. 2004 Jun 2;4:4.Full text  Abstract

55. Chernaya A, Søborg C, Midttun M. Validity of the urinary dipstick test in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in adults. Dan Med J. 2021 Dec 15;69(1):A07210607.Full text  Abstract

56. AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Fifteen things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely, an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

57. Schaeffer AJ, Nicolle LE. Urinary tract infections in older men. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jun 2;374(22):2192.

58. Lipsky BA, Ireton RC, Fihn SD, et al. Diagnosis of bacteriuria in men: specimen collection and culture interpretation. J Infect Dis. 1987 May;155(5):847-54. Abstract

59. American Society for Microbiology. Five things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely, an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

60. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. ​Urinary tract infections in adults. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Full text

61. Al Lawati H, Blair BM, Larnard J. Urinary tract infections: core curriculum 2024. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024 Jan;83(1):90-100.Full text  Abstract

62. Expert Panel on Urological Imaging, Alexander LF, Oto A, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® lower urinary tract symptoms-suspicion of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 Nov;16(11s):S378-83.Full text  Abstract

63. Expert Panel on Urological Imaging, Gupta RT, Kalisz K, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® acute onset flank pain-suspicion of stone disease (urolithiasis). J Am Coll Radiol. 2023 Nov;20(11s):S315-28.Full text  Abstract

64. American College of Radiology. ​ACR appropriateness criteria: lower urinary tract symptoms-suspicion of benign prostatic hyperplasia. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

65. American College of Radiology. ​ACR appropriateness criteria: acute onset flank pain-suspicion of stone disease (urolithiasis). 2023 [internet publication].Full text

66. den Heijer CD, van Dongen MC, Donker GA, et al. Diagnostic approach to urinary tract infections in male general practice patients: a national surveillance study. Br J Gen Pract. 2012 Nov;62(604):e780-6.Full text  Abstract

67. Woodford HJ, George J. Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people. Clin Med (Lond). 2011 Feb;11(1):80-3.Full text

68. Cleveland Clinic. Urinary hesitancy. Oct 2024 [internet publication].Full text

69. Kapoor A. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) management in the primary care setting. Can J Urol. 2012 Oct;19 Suppl 1:10-7.Full text  Abstract

70. Atlantic Urology Specialists. Conditions of Nocturia. 2025 [internet publication].Full text

71. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney diseases. ​Prostatitis: inflammation of the prostate. Jul 2014 [internet publication].Full text

72. Mayo Clinic. Prostatitis. Feb 2025 [internet publication].Full text

73. Harvard Health Publishing. ​Epididymitis and orchitis. Jul 2023 [internet publication].Full text

74. Brill JR. Diagnosis and treatment of urethritis in men. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Apr 1;81(7):873-8.Full text  Abstract

75. Koeijers JJ, Kessels AG, Nys S, et al. Evaluation of the nitrite and leukocyte esterase activity tests for the diagnosis of acute symptomatic urinary tract infection in men. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 1;45(7):894-6. Abstract

76. European Association of Urology. Guidelines on ​chronic pelvic pain. Mar 2025 [internet publication].Full text

77. Zhang J, Liang C, Shang X, et al. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a disease or symptom? current perspectives on diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Am J Mens Health. 2020 Jan-Feb;14(1):1557988320903200.Full text  Abstract

78. Henderson JT, Webber EM, Bean SI. Screening for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2019 Sep 24;322(12):1195-1205.Full text  Abstract

79. Lightner DJ, Wymer K, Sanchez J, et al. Best Practice Statement on Urologic Procedures and Antimicrobial Prophylaxis. J Urol. 2020 Feb;203(2):351-356.Full text  Abstract

80. Public Health England. Urinary tract infection: diagnostic tools for primary care. Oct 2020 [internet publication].Full text

81. Tamma PD, Heil EL, Justo JA, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Aug 7:ciae403.Full text  Abstract

82. Faine BA, Rech MA, Vakkalanka P, et al. High prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant UTI among US emergency department patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection, 2018-2020. Acad Emerg Med. 2022 Sep;29(9):1096-105.Full text  Abstract

83. Ten Oever J. Nitrofurantoin for urinary tract infections in men: it is possible. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2020 Oct 8:164:D5235. Abstract

84. Platteel TN, Beets MT, Teeuwissen HA, et al. Nitrofurantoin failure in males with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection: a primary care observational cohort study. Br J Gen Pract. 2023 Mar;73(728):e204-10.Full text  Abstract

85. Krieger JN, Ross SO, Simonsen JM. Urinary tract infections in healthy university men. J Urol. 1993 May;149(5):1046-8. Abstract

86. Ulleryd P, Sandberg T. Ciprofloxacin for 2 or 4 weeks in the treatment of febrile urinary tract infection in men: a randomized trial with a 1 year follow-up. Scand J Infect Dis. 2003;35(1):34-9. Abstract

87. Gupta K. Addressing antibiotic resistance. Am J Med. 2002 Jul 8;11(suppl 1A):29S-34S. Abstract

88. Le TP, Miller LG. Empirical therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance: a decision and cost analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Sep 1;33(5):615-21.Full text  Abstract

89. Stamm WE. Scientific and clinical challenges in the management of urinary tract infections. Am J Med. 2002 Jul 8;113(suppl 1A):1S-4S. Abstract

90. Artero A, López-Cruz I, Piles L, et al. Fluoroquinolones are useful as directed treatment for complicated UTI in a setting with a high prevalence of quinolone-resistant microorganisms. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Jan 16;12(1):183.Full text  Abstract

91. Mombelli G, Pezzoli R, Pinoja-Lutz G, et al. Oral vs intravenous ciprofloxacin in the initial empirical management of severe pyelonephritis or complicated urinary tract infections. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Jan 11;159(1):53-8.Full text  Abstract

92. Pohl A. Modes of administration of antibiotics for symptomatic severe urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD003237.Full text  Abstract

93. Rusu A, Munteanu AC, Arbănași EM, et al. Overview of side-effects of antibacterial fluoroquinolones: new drugs versus old drugs, a step forward in the safety profile? Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 1;15(3):804.Full text  Abstract

94. Dhillon S. Meropenem/vaborbactam: a review in complicated urinary tract infections. Drugs. 2018 Aug;78(12):1259-70.Full text  Abstract

95. Wagenlehner FME, Cloutier DJ, Komirenko AS, et al. Once-daily plazomicin for complicated urinary tract infections. N Engl J Med. 2019 Feb 21;380(8):729-40.Full text  Abstract

96. Bassetti M, Echols R, Matsunaga Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of cefiderocol or best available therapy for the treatment of serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CREDIBLE-CR): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, pathogen-focused, descriptive, phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Oct 12 [Epub ahead of print].Full text  Abstract

97. Lee YR, Yeo S. Cefiderocol, a new siderophore cephalosporin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens: preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety. Clin Drug Investig. 2020 Oct;40(10):901-13.Full text  Abstract

98. Sims M, Mariyanovski V, McLeroth P, et al. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, Phase 2 dose-ranging study comparing efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin plus relebactam with imipenem/cilastatin alone in patients with complicated urinary tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017 Sep 1;72(9):2616-26.Full text  Abstract

99. Hsueh SC, Chao CM, Wang CY, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of cefiderocol in the treatment of acute bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2021 Mar;24:376-82.Full text  Abstract

100. van Nieuwkoop C, van der Starre WE, Stalenhoef JE, et al. Treatment duration of febrile urinary tract infection: a pragmatic randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled non-inferiority trial in men and women. BMC Med. 2017 Apr 3;15(1):70.Full text  Abstract

101. Lafaurie M, Chevret S, Fontaine JP, et al. Antimicrobial for 7 or 14 days for febrile urinary tract infection in men: a multicenter noninferiority double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Jun 16;76(12):2154-62.Full text  Abstract

102. Drekonja DM, Trautner B, Amundson C, et al. Effect of 7 vs 14 days of antibiotic therapy on resolution of symptoms among afebrile men with urinary tract infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021 Jul 27;326(4):324-31. Abstract

103. American Urological Association. ​Urologic procedures and antimicrobial prophylaxis (2019). Jun 2019 [internet publication].Full text

104. Kranz J, Bartoletti R, Bruyère F, et al. European Association of urology guidelines on urological infections: summary of the 2024 guidelines. Eur Urol. 2024 Jul;86(1):27-41.Full text  Abstract

105. Kaye KS, Belley A, Barth P, et al. Effect of cefepime/enmetazobactam vs piperacillin/tazobactam on clinical cure and microbiological eradication in patients with complicated urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022 Oct 4;328(13):1304-14. Abstract

106. López Montesinos I, Montero M, Sorlí L, et al. Ceftolozane-tazobactam: when, how and why using it? Rev Esp Quimioter. 2021 Sep;34 Suppl 1(suppl1):35-7.Full text  Abstract

107. Saeed MW, Gillani SW, Mahmood RK, et al. A meta-analysis on clinical outcomes of ceftolozane versus piperacillin in combination with tazobactam in patients with complicated urinary tract infections. Biomed Res Int. 2022 Aug 8:2022:1639114.Full text  Abstract

108. Eckburg PB, Muir L, Critchley IA, et al. Oral tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide in complicated urinary tract infection. N Engl J Med. 2022 Apr 7;386(14):1327-38.Full text  Abstract

109. Wagenlehner FM, Gasink LB, McGovern PC, et al. Cefepime-taniborbactam in complicated urinary tract infection. N Engl J Med. 2024 Feb 15;390(7):611-22.Full text  Abstract

110. Krebs J, Fleischli S, Stoyanov J, et al. Effects of oral immunomodulation therapy on urinary tract infections in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury-a retrospective cohort study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2019 Jan;38(1):346-52. Abstract

111. Stapleton A. Novel approaches to prevention of urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2003 Jun;17(2):457-71. Abstract

112. Huttner A, Hatz C, van den Dobbelsteen G, et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and preliminary clinical efficacy of a vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 May;17(5):528-37. Abstract

113. Yang B, Foley S. First experience in the UK of treating women with recurrent urinary tract infections with the bacterial vaccine Uromune(®). BJU Int. 2018 Feb;121(2):289-92. Abstract

114. Nickel JC, Kelly KL, Griffin A, et al. MV140 sublingual vaccine reduces recurrent urinary tract infection in women results from the first North American clinical experience study. Can Urol Assoc J. 2024 Feb;18(2):25-31.Full text  Abstract

115. Prattley S, Geraghty R, Moore M, et al. Role of vaccines for recurrent urinary tract infections: a systematic review. Eur Urol Focus. 2020 May 15;6(3):593-604. Abstract

116. Lenger SM, Bradley MS, Thomas DA, et al. D-mannose vs other agents for recurrent urinary tract infection prevention in adult women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Aug;223(2):265.e1-13.Full text  Abstract

117. Cooper TE, Teng C, Howell M, et al. D-mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Aug 30;8(8):CD013608.Full text  Abstract

118. Jepson RG, Mihaljevic L, Craig JC. Cranberries for treating urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Dec 14;12(12):CD001322.Full text  Abstract

119. Howell AB, Dreyfus JF, Chughtai B. Differences in urinary bacterial anti-adhesion activity after intake of cranberry dietary supplements with soluble versus insoluble proanthocyanidins. J Diet Suppl. 2022;19(5):621-39.Full text  Abstract

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121. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Urinary tract infection (lower): antimicrobial prescribing. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Full text

122. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Urinary tract infection (catheter-associated): antimicrobial prescribing. Nov 2018 [internet publication].Full text

123. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pyelonephritis (acute): antimicrobial prescribing. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Full text

124. Foxman B. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs. Am J Med. 2002 Jul 8;113(suppl 1A):5-13S. Abstract

125. Khanal N, Cortie CH, Story C, et al. Multidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to females. BMC Urol. 2024 Nov 18;24(1):255.Full text  Abstract

126. Leone M, Albanese J, Garnier F, et al. Risk factors for nosocomial catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a polyvalent intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med. 2003 Jul;29(7):1077-80. Abstract

127. Smithson A, Ramos J, Niño E, et al. Characteristics of febrile urinary tract infections in older male adults. BMC Geriatr. 2019 Nov 29;19(1):334.Full text  Abstract

128. Lipsky BA, Byren I, Hoey CT. Treatment of bacterial prostatitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Jun 15;50(12):1641-52.Full text  Abstract

129. Johnson JR, Kuskowski MA, Wilt TJ. Systematic review: antimicrobial urinary catheters to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jan 17;144(2):116-26.Full text  Abstract

130. Hamasuna R, Takahashi S, Yamamoto S, et al. Guideline for the prevention of health care-associated infection in urological practice in Japan. Int J Urol. 2011 Jul;18(7):495-502.Full text  Abstract

131. Li JM, Cosler LE, Harausz EP, et al. Methenamine for urinary tract infection prophylaxis: a systematic review. Pharmacotherapy. 2024 Feb;44(2):197-206. Abstract