Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, et al. Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in adults. An Official ATS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Aug 1;202(3):e36-69.Full text  Abstract

Quirce S, Vandenplas O, Campo P, et al. Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an EAACI position paper. Allergy. 2016 Jun;71(6):765-79.Full text  Abstract

Fernández Pérez ER, Travis WD, Lynch DA, et al. Diagnosis and evaluation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2021 Aug;160(2):e97-156.Full text  Abstract

1. Hamblin M, Prosch H, Vašáková M. Diagnosis, course and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir Rev. 2022 Feb 9;31(163):210169.Full text  Abstract

2. Barnes H, Corte TJ, Keir G, et al. Diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in adults: a position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. Respirology. 2024 Dec;29(12):1023-46.Full text  Abstract

3. Churg A. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: new concepts and classifications. Mod Pathol. 2022 Jan;35(suppl 1):15-27.Full text  Abstract

4. Calaras D, David A, Vasarmidi E, et al. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Challenges of a Complex Disease. Can Respir J. 2024 Jan 18;2024:4919951.Full text  Abstract

5. Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, et al. Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in adults. An Official ATS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Aug 1;202(3):e36-69.Full text  Abstract

6. Quirce S, Vandenplas O, Campo P, et al. Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an EAACI position paper. Allergy. 2016 Jun;71(6):765-79.Full text  Abstract

7. Kongsupon N, Walters GI, Sadhra SS. Occupational causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a systematic review and compendium. Occup Med (Lond). 2021 Oct 1;71(6-7):255-9.Full text  Abstract

8. Fernández Pérez ER, Kong AM, Raimundo K, et al. Epidemiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis among an insured population in the United States: a claims-based cohort analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018 Apr;15(4):460-9.Full text  Abstract

9. Rittig AH, Hilberg O, Ibsen R, et al. Incidence, comorbidity and survival rate of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a national population-based study. ERJ Open Res. 2019 Oct;5(4):00259-2018.Full text  Abstract

10. Jung HI, Nam DR, You SH, et al. Nationwide study of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2024 Mar 18;39(10):e96.Full text  Abstract

11. Barber CM, Wiggans RE, Carder M, et al. Epidemiology of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis; reports from the SWORD scheme in the UK from 1996 to 2015. Occup Environ Med. 2017 Jul;74(7):528-30.Full text  Abstract

12. Cramer C, Schlünssen V, Bendstrup E, et al. Risk of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and interstitial lung diseases among pigeon breeders. Eur Respir J. 2016 Sep;48(3):818-25. Abstract

13. Mohr LC. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2004 Sep;10(5):401-11. Abstract

14. Jacobs RL, Andrews CP, Coalson JJ. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: beyond classic occupational disease-changing concepts of diagnosis and management. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 Aug;95(2):115-28. Abstract

15. Cormier Y, Gagnon L, Bérubé-Genest F, et al. Sequential bronchoalveolar lavage in experimental extrinsic allergic alveolitis. The influence of cigarette smoking. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 May;137(5):1104-9. Abstract

16. Girard M, Cormier Y. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Apr;10(2):99-103. Abstract

17. Fernández Pérez ER, Sprunger DB, Ratanawatkul P, et al. Increasing hypersensitivity pneumonitis-related mortality in the United States from 1988 to 2016. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 May 15;199(10):1284-87.Full text  Abstract

18. Hyldgaard C, Hilberg O, Muller A, et al. A cohort study of interstitial lung diseases in central Denmark. Respir Med. 2014 May;108(5):793-9. Abstract

19. Iversen IB, Vestergaard JM, Basinas I, et al. Risk of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other interstitial lung diseases following organic dust exposure. Thorax. 2024 Aug 19;79(9):853-60.Full text  Abstract

20. May S, Romberger DJ, Poole JA. Respiratory health effects of large animal farming environments. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2012;15(8):524-41. Abstract

21. Selman M, Lacasse Y, Pardo A, et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by fungi. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2010 May;7(3):229-36. Abstract

22. Latza U, Oldenburg M, Baur X. Endotoxin exposure and respiratory symptoms in the cotton textile industry. Arch Environ Health. 2004 Oct;59(10):519-25. Abstract

23. Baur X. Preventive measures regarding occupational allergens. 30th Congress of the German Society of Pneumology, Leipzig, 12 March 1998 [in German]. Pneumologie. 1998 Sep;52(9):501-3. Abstract

24. Barber CM, Burton CM, Scaife H, et al. Systematic review of respiratory case definitions in metalworking fluid outbreaks. Occup Med (Lond). 2012 Jul;62(5):337-42.Full text  Abstract

25. Chew GY, Hawkins CA, Cherian M, et al. Roxithromycin induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Pathology. 2006 Oct;38(5):475-7. Abstract

26. Nishino M, Kusumoto M, Bankier AA, et al. Trastuzumab deruxtecan-related interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis: computed tomography imaging patterns to guide diagnosis and management. JCO Precis Oncol. 2023 Sep;7:e2300391. Abstract

27. Virdee G, Bleasdale J, Ikramullah M, et al. Republished: Sertraline-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Drug Ther Bull. 2020 May;58(5):75-79. Abstract

28. Lim CY, Takano A, Yang S, et al. Ayurvedic medicine and the lung. Respiration. 2014;87(5):428-31.Full text  Abstract

29. Rose JJ, Krishnan-Sarin S, Exil VJ, et al. Cardiopulmonary impact of electronic cigarettes and vaping products: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Aug 22;148(8):703-28.Full text  Abstract

30. Lacasse Y, Selman M, Costabel U, et al. Clinical diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Oct 15;168(8):952-8.Full text  Abstract

31. Klote M. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2005 Nov-Dec;26(6):493-5. Abstract

32. Wells AU. The clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Eur Respir Rev. 2010 Sep;19(117):237-41. Abstract

33. Silva CI, Müller NL, Lynch DA, et al. Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: differentiation from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia by using thin-section CT. Radiology. 2008 Jan;246(1):288-97. Abstract

34. Girard M, Israël-Assayag E, Cormier Y. Pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Apr;4(2):93-8. Abstract

35. Glazer CS, Rose CS, Lynch DA. Clinical and radiologic manifestations of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. J Thorac Imaging. 2002 Oct;17(4):261-72. Abstract

36. Fan LL. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2002 Jun;14(3):323-6. Abstract

37. Cullinan P, D'Souza E, Tennant R, et al. Lesson of the month: extrinsic allergic (bronchiolo)alveolitis and metal working fluids. Thorax. 2014 Nov;69(11):1059-60.Full text  Abstract

38. McSharry C, Anderson K, Bourke SJ, et al. Takes your breath away - the immunology of allergic alveolitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2002 Apr;128(1):3-9.Full text  Abstract

39. Patel AM, Ryu JH, Reed CE. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: current concepts and future questions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Nov;108(5):661-70. Abstract

40. Fernández Pérez ER, Travis WD, Lynch DA, et al. Diagnosis and evaluation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2021 Aug;160(2):e97-156.Full text  Abstract

41. Barnes H, Morisset J, Molyneaux P, et al. A systematically derived exposure assessment instrument for chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest. 2020 Jun;157(6):1506-12.Full text  Abstract

42. Maher TM. Interstitial lung disease: a review. JAMA. 2024 May 21;331(19):1655-65. Abstract

43. De Sadeleer LJ, Hermans F, De Dycker E, et al. Effects of corticosteroid treatment and antigen avoidance in a large hypersensitivity pneumonitis cohort: a single-centre cohort study. J Clin Med. 2019 Jan; 8(1): 14.Full text  Abstract

44. McSharry C, Anderson K, Boyd G. A review of antigen diversity causing lung disease among pigeon breeders. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000 Sep;30(9):1221-9. Abstract

45. Schenker M. Exposures and health effects from inorganic agricultural dusts. Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Aug;108 Suppl 4:661-4.Full text  Abstract

46. Khalil N, Churg A, Muller N, et al. Environmental, inhaled and ingested causes of pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Pathol. 2007 Jan;35(1):86-96. Abstract

47. Costabel U, Miyazaki Y, Pardo A, et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020 Aug 6;6(1):65. Abstract

48. Meyer KC, Raghu G, Baughman RP, et al. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: the clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage cellular analysis in interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 May 1;185(9):1004-14.Full text  Abstract

49. Korevaar DA, Colella S, Fally M, et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines on transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir J. 2022 Nov 10;60(5):2200425.Full text  Abstract

50. Okamoto T, Miyazaki Y, Ogura T, et al. Nationwide epidemiological survey of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Japan. Respir Investig. 2013 Sep;51(3):191-9. Abstract

51. Churg A, Sin DD, Everett D, et al. Pathologic patterns and survival in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009 Dec;33(12):1765-70. Abstract

52. Mukhopadhyay S, Gal AA. Granulomatous lung disease: an approach to the differential diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010 May;134(5):667-90. Abstract

53. Ohtani Y, Saiki S, Kitaichi M, et al. Chronic bird fancier's lung: histopathological and clinical correlation: an application of the 2002 ATS/ERS consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Thorax. 2005 Aug;60(8):665-71.Full text  Abstract

54. Terho EO. Diagnostic criteria for farmer's lung disease. Am J Ind Med. 1986;10:329.

55. Schuyler M. Cormier Y. The diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest. 1997 Mar;111(3):534-6. Abstract

56. Cormier Y, Lacasse Y. Keys to the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: the role of serum precipitins, lung biopsy, and high-resolution computed tomography. Clin Pulm Med. 1996;3:72-77.

57. Ejima M, Okamoto T, Suzuki T, et al. Efficacy of treatment with corticosteroids for fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a propensity score-matched cohort analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2021 Jul 19;21(1):243.Full text  Abstract

58. De Sadeleer LJ, Hermans F, De Dycker E, et al. Impact of BAL lymphocytosis and presence of honeycombing on corticosteroid treatment effect in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a retrospective cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2020 Apr;55(4):1901983.Full text

59. Fiddler CA, Simler N, Thillai M, et al. Use of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine for the treatment of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis-a single-centre experience. Clin Respir J. 2019 Dec;13(12):791-4. Abstract

60. Casal A, Suárez-Antelo J, Gude F, et al. Use of mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Med Sci. 2025 Jan;369(1):24-34. Abstract

61. Terras Alexandre A, Martins N, Raimundo S, et al. Impact of Azathioprine use in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis patients. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Feb;60:101878. Abstract

62. Morisset J, Johannson KA, Vittinghoff E, et al. Use of mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine for the management of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest. 2017 Mar;151(3):619-25.Full text  Abstract

63. Dowman L, Hill CJ, May A, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Feb 1;2(2):CD006322.Full text  Abstract

64. Rochester CL, Alison JA, Carlin B, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for adults with chronic respiratory disease: an official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 Aug 15;208(4):e7-26.Full text  Abstract

65. Jacobs SS, Krishnan JA, Lederer DJ, et al. Home oxygen therapy for adults with chronic lung disease. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Nov 15;202(10):e121-41.Full text  Abstract

66. Kern RM, Singer JP, Koth L, et al. Lung transplantation for hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest. 2015 Jun;147(6):1558-65.Full text  Abstract

67. Petnak T, Thongprayoon C, Baqir M, et al. Antigen identification and avoidance on outcomes in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir J. 2022 Oct;60(4):2101336.Full text  Abstract

68. Nishida T, Kawate E, Ishiguro T, et al. Antigen avoidance and outcome of nonfibrotic and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. ERJ Open Res. 2022 Jan;8(1):00474-2021.Full text  Abstract

69. Wälscher J, Gross B, Morisset J, et al. Comorbidities and survival in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Respir Res. 2020 Jan 9;21(1):12.Full text  Abstract

70. Flaherty KR, Wells AU, Cottin V, et al. Nintedanib in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 31;381(18):1718-27.Full text  Abstract

71. Wells AU, Flaherty KR, Brown KK, et al. Nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases-subgroup analyses by interstitial lung disease diagnosis in the INBUILD trial: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 May;8(5):453-60. Abstract

72. Mateos-Toledo H, Mejía-Ávila M, Rodríguez-Barreto Ó, et al. An open-label study with pirfenidone on chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. [in spa]. Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed). 2020 Mar;56(3):163-69.Full text  Abstract

73. Fernández Pérez ER, Crooks JL, Lynch DA, et al. Pirfenidone in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a double-blind, randomised clinical trial of efficacy and safety. Thorax. 2023 Nov;78(11):1097-104. Abstract

74. Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Richeldi L, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (an update) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in adults: an official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 May 1;205(9):e18-47.Full text  Abstract

75. Lota HK, Keir GJ, Hansell DM, et al. Novel use of rituximab in hypersensitivity pneumonitis refractory to conventional treatment. Thorax. 2013 Aug;68(8):780-1.Full text  Abstract

76. Keir GJ, Maher TM, Ming D, et al. Rituximab in severe, treatment-refractory interstitial lung disease. Respirology. 2014 Apr;19(3):353-9. Abstract

77. Tonelli AR, Lottenberg R, Allan RW, et al. Rituximab-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Respiration. 2009;78(2):225-9.Full text  Abstract

78. Fernández Pérez ER, Swigris JJ, Forssén AV, et al. Identifying an inciting antigen is associated with improved survival in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest. 2013 Nov;144(5):1644-51.Full text  Abstract

79. Wang P, Jones KD, Urisman A, et al. Pathologic findings and prognosis in a large prospective cohort of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest. 2017 Sep;152(3):502-9. Abstract

80. Ohtsuka Y, Munakata M, Tanimura K, et al. Smoking promotes insidious and chronic farmer's lung disease, and deteriorates the clinical outcome. Intern Med. 1995 Oct;34(10):966-71.Full text  Abstract

81. Vourlekis JS, Schwarz MI, Cherniack RM, et al. The effect of pulmonary fibrosis on survival in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Med. 2004 May 15;116(10):662-8. Abstract

82. Janssen DJA, Bajwah S, Boon MH, et al. European Respiratory Society clinical practice guideline: palliative care for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J. 2023 Aug 17;62(2):2202014.Full text

83. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Interstitial lung diseases: hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text