Prognosis

Prognosis is dependent on the presentation of the vitamin B1 deficiency and how quickly treatment is instituted. Exact figures regarding recovery and complications are difficult to ascertain as this is a frequently under-diagnosed condition.

Wernicke's encephalopathy

Mortality in acute Wernicke's encephalopathy is estimated to range from 3% to 8%.[11][57]​​​ One cohort study estimated 5-year survival to be 68% following diagnosis of Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome.[66]

Estimates of progression to Korsakoff's psychosis range between 50% and 85%.[67] Signs and symptoms may be permanent. Of those who develop Korsakoff's psychosis, 25% will require long-term institutional care.[68]

Wet beriberi

Untreated, wet beriberi can result in death.[45]​ Treatment with parenteral thiamine should result in significant improvement within the first 24 hours of therapy.

Dry beriberi

With thiamine replacement, resolution of symptoms can take weeks to months.[69][70][71]​​​ In some cases, symptoms may never fully resolve, particularly if there is a co-existing additional cause of neuropathy such as alcohol abuse or diabetes.

Gastrointestinal beriberi

Rapid resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms with high-dose parenteral supplementation of thiamine is seen.[8]

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