OCD patients tend to seek treatment from 3 to 4 doctors and spend 9 years in treatment before a correct diagnosis is made.[12]Jenike MA. Clinical practice. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:259-265.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14724305?tool=bestpractice.com
The average amount of time that lapses between onset of symptoms and appropriate treatment is 17 years.[12]Jenike MA. Clinical practice. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:259-265.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14724305?tool=bestpractice.com
While controlled trials with serotonin reuptake inhibitors have demonstrated a selective efficacy in OCD, up to 40% to 60% of patients do not have a satisfactory outcome.[95]The Clomipramine Collaborative Study Group. Clomipramine in the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The Clomipramine Collaborative Study Group. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991 Aug;48(8):730-8.
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[96]Goodman WK, McDougle CJ, Price LH. Pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1992 Apr;(suppl 53):29-37.
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[97]Jenike MA, Rauch SL. Managing the patient with treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder: current strategies. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994 Mar;(suppl 55):11-7.
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[98]McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, et al. The efficacy of fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of comorbid chronic tic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Oct;13(5):354-8.
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[99]McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, et al. The psychopharmacology of obsessive compulsive disorder. Implications for treatment and pathogenesis. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1993 Dec;16(4):749-66.
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[100]Piccinelli M, Pini S, Bellantuono C, et al. Efficacy of drug treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A meta-analytic review. Br J Psychiatry. 1995 Apr;166(4):424-43.
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[101]Pigott TA, Seay SM. A review of the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;60(2):101-6.
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[102]Rasmussen SA, Eisen JL, Pato MT. Current issues in the pharmacologic management of obsessive compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1993 Jun;(suppl 54):4-9.
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These patients have significant disability and morbidity.[163]Hollander E, Kwon JH, Stein DJ, et al. Obsessive-compulsive and spectrum disorders: overview and quality of life issues. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996;57:3-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8698678?tool=bestpractice.com
The natural course is lifelong, and patients generally require lifelong treatment.
Features associated with treatment resistance include: higher frequency of compulsions; early age of onset; previous hospitalizations for OCD; and chronic course (the longer the disorder goes untreated, the more likely patients are to exhibit resistant symptoms).[32]Ravizza L, Barzega G, Bellino S, et al. Predictors of drug treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56:368-373.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7635854?tool=bestpractice.com
Male gender is associated with an earlier onset and chronic course, and often predicts poorer response to treatment.[5]Ruscio AM, Stein DJ, Chiu WT, et al. The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Mol Psychiatry. 2010;15:53-63.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18725912
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18725912?tool=bestpractice.com
Concomitant schizotypal personality disorder is considered a predictor of worse response and may warrant early referral to specialist to tailor therapy.[32]Ravizza L, Barzega G, Bellino S, et al. Predictors of drug treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56:368-373.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7635854?tool=bestpractice.com
The presence of a concurrent tic disorder, which is more common in males, may be associated with more severe OCD symptoms and greater likelihood of treatment resistance.[33]Coffey BJ, Miguel EC, Biederman J, et al. Tourette's disorder with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: are they different? J Nerv Ment Dis. 1998;186:201-206.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9569887?tool=bestpractice.com