The condition most commonly affects children.
Overall prevalence in children is estimated to be between 5% and 12%; prevalence in children with atopic dermatitis is higher, between 20% and 45%.[3]Olsen JR, Gallacher J, Piguet V, et al. Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children: a systematic review. Fam Pract. 2013 Dec 2;31(2):130-6.
https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article/31/2/130/452425
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24297468?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Berger EM, Orlow SJ, Patel RR, et al. Experience with molluscum contagiosum and associated inflammatory reactions in a pediatric dermatology practice: the bump that rashes. Arch Dermatol. 2012 Nov;148(11):1257-64.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/1351941
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22911012?tool=bestpractice.com
There is no sex or ethnic trend in the incidence of molluscum.[3]Olsen JR, Gallacher J, Piguet V, et al. Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children: a systematic review. Fam Pract. 2013 Dec 2;31(2):130-6.
https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article/31/2/130/452425
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24297468?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Becker TM, Blount JH, Douglas J, et al. Trends in molluscum contagiosum in the United States, 1966-1983. Sex Transm Dis. 1986 Apr-Jun;13(2):88-92.
https://journals.lww.com/stdjournal/Citation/1986/04000/Trends_in_Molluscum_Contagiosum_in_the_United.7.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715678?tool=bestpractice.com
Incidence in the US increased over a two-decade period beginning in 1966.[5]Becker TM, Blount JH, Douglas J, et al. Trends in molluscum contagiosum in the United States, 1966-1983. Sex Transm Dis. 1986 Apr-Jun;13(2):88-92.
https://journals.lww.com/stdjournal/Citation/1986/04000/Trends_in_Molluscum_Contagiosum_in_the_United.7.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715678?tool=bestpractice.com
Recent epidemiologic data are lacking, and trends in pediatric incidence have not been monitored over time because infection is seldom serious and routinely resolves without treatment.[6]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Molluscum contagiosum. May 2015 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/index.html
Atopic dermatitis in adults and children is associated with increased risk for molluscum contagiosum infection.[7]Ren Z, Silverberg JI. Association of atopic dermatitis with bacterial, fungal, viral, and sexually transmitted skin infections. Dermatitis. 2020 Mar/Apr;31(2):157-64.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32049716?tool=bestpractice.com
This may be attributable to barrier breaks and immune cell dysfunction in atopic skin.[6]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Molluscum contagiosum. May 2015 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/index.html
Severe molluscum infections can manifest in late-stage HIV infection, but this is less common in patients being treated with antiretroviral therapy.[8]Fernando I, K Edwards S, Grover D. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline for the management of genital molluscum in adults (2021). Int J STD AIDS. 2022 Apr;33(5):422-32.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35312417?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Filo-Rogulska M, Pindycka-Piaszczyńska M, Januszewski K, et al. Disseminated atypical molluscum contagiosum as a presenting symptom of HIV infection. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2013 Feb;30(1):56-8.
https://www.termedia.pl/Case-report-Disseminated-atypical-molluscum-contagiosum-as-a-presenting-symptom-of-HIV-infection,7,20291,1,1.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24278047?tool=bestpractice.com
Worldwide, it seems that tropical climates foster a higher disease incidence.[10]Sturt RJ, Muller HK, Francis GD. Molluscum contagiosum in villages of the West Sepik District of New Guinea. Med J Aust. 1971 Oct 9;2(15):751-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5117269?tool=bestpractice.com
As molluscum can be sexually transmitted, vertical transmission has been reported.[2]Luke JD, Silverberg NB. Vertically transmitted molluscum contagiosum infection. Pediatrics. 2010 Feb;125(2):e423-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064865?tool=bestpractice.com