Complications
Urinary tract infection and urinary retention are the most commonly reported adverse effects of peri-urethral bulking agents.[144]
Treatment involves prolonged bladder drainage followed by bladder challenge or clean intermittent self-catheterisation.
Treatment is a course of antibiotics, with sensitivities guiding choice.
Immediate recognition by cystoscopy and remedied intraoperatively. May need prolonged bladder drainage.
Transfusion of blood products if indicated. Rarely necessitates exploration.
Prompt clinical recognition or with radiological studies. Exploration and repair of enterotomy.
Occurs in <5%.[146]
Anticholinergic drug use is associated with increased dementia incidence and cognitive decline in observational studies; however, it is unclear whether the observed associations between anticholinergic drug use and dementia is a causal relationship or reflects risk factors or early symptoms of dementia (such as bladder instability).[116][117] Caution is recommended when using anticholinergics in older or frail patients, and use should be avoided in patients with dementia, cognitive impairment, or delirium.[116][117][118]
Pain at the implant or lead site is common in the perioperative period. Occasionally, the pocket containing the impulse generator may need to be revised.[145]
Occurs in 2% to 37% of slings and 4% to 11% of tension-free tapes.[147]
Delayed closure of vaginal wall dehiscence if signs of infection and treatment with appropriate antibiotic regimen.
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