Epidemiology
TS is reported worldwide.[12][13] It affects boys more frequently than girls, at a ratio of between 3:1 and 5:1.[14][15] Studies estimate its prevalence to range from 0.3% to 0.9%.[16] The reported prevalence is widely variable as a result of nonuniform methodologies and diagnostic criteria, such as differences in diagnostic procedures, presence or absence of psychiatric comorbidity, and sample differences. In the US, TS is estimated to have a prevalence of 0.6% in children and adolescents ages 6 to 17 years, with about half of cases undiagnosed.[15]
A majority of patients have behavioral and psychiatric comorbid symptoms or disorders; only 12% across all ages are reported to have only tics without other associated conditions.[17] From a worldwide dataset, ADHD is the most common comorbid psychiatric disorder, and accounts for about 55% of the behavioral findings.[18]
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