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Last reviewed: 21 Apr 2025
Last updated: 30 Sep 2022

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Other diagnostic factors

  • family history
  • joint swelling or pain

Risk factors

  • genetic
  • infection
  • local trauma
  • medications
  • stress
  • smoking
  • ethnicity
  • alcohol
  • greater body mass index (BMI)

Diagnostic investigations

Treatment algorithm

Contributors

Authors

Andrea Chiricozzi, MD

Assistant Professor

University of Pisa

Consultant Dermatologist

University Hospital of Pisa

Pisa

Italy

Disclosures

AC has served as an advisory board member and consultant and has received fees and speaker's honoraria or has participated in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Biogen, Fresenius Kabi, Leo Pharma, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB Pharma; AC is also an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Dr Andrea Chiricozzi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr April W. Armstrong and Dr Tsu-Yi Chuang, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

TC declares that he has no competing interests. AWA is an investigator and consultant for Abbott, Amgen, and Janssen; AWA is also an author of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

David Burden, MD, FRCP

Western Infirmary, Glasgow

Consultant Dermatologist Dermatology

Glasgow

UK

Disclosures

DB has been reimbursed as a consultant, researcher, and lecturer for Abbott, Leo, Pfizer, Merck, Janssen-Cilag, and Novartis.

Paradi Mirmirani, MD

Physician

Department of Dermatology

Kaiser Permanente Vallejo Medical Center

Vallejo

CA

Disclosures

PM declares that she has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Psoriasis: assessment and management. September 2017 [internet publication].Full text

Smith CH, Yiu ZZN, Bale T, et al. British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for biologic therapy for psoriasis 2020: a rapid update. Br J Dermatol. 2020 Oct;183(4):628-37.Full text  Abstract

Elmets CA, Lim HW, Stoff B, et al. Joint American Academy of Dermatology – National Psoriasis Foundation guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with phototherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Sep;81(3):775-804.Full text  Abstract

Menter A, Gelfand JM, Connor C, et al. Joint American Academy of Dermatology - National Psoriasis Foundation guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis with systemic nonbiologic therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jun;82(6):1445-86.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available here.

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